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CH. 2-3 TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Rationalist history

A

1700s, history is secular and naturalistic, philosophers, progress and reason explains history, wealth/power, rights/wrongs

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2
Q

Nationalist history

A

1800s, century of dishonor, America is the triumph of the Anglo-Saxon race, hy-liberty, progress, destiny, spread of democracy and native conflict

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3
Q

Progressive history

A

1900-1940, Charles/Mary beard- economic interpretation of the constitution, power elite vs people, liberal democracy, gov does more for people, private property, class and social division

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4
Q

Conservative/ Consensus history

A

1940s-present, age of reform, general prosperity, individuals institutions of power and influence, patriotism, natural law

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5
Q

New left history

A

Don’t leave out violence, racism, oppression, realistic past, America is not a melting pot, celebrate radicals, America is exploitive and not a good leader, apologize for our past

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6
Q

Peoples history

A

1980-now, common people rather than individuals in a position of influence, study diaries, documents, and letters of people, cultural conflict shapes America rather than economists or politics

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7
Q

Providential history

A

1600s and Puritans, John Winthrop-City on a hill, justify the way of God and vice versa

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8
Q

Howard Zinn

A

A people’s history of the U.S.- new left history

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9
Q

Schwiekart and Allen

A

A patriots history of the U.S. - conservative/consensus history

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10
Q

Mary and Charles Beard

A

An economic interpretation of the constitution- Progressive history

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11
Q

Georgia founded

A

Served as a buffer colony against Spanish and French; penal colony for debtors, originally banned slavery

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12
Q

North Carolina

A

Different: small tobacco farms, less reliance on slavery

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13
Q

South Carolina

A

Cash crop (rice) plantation economy, wealthy aristocratic elite, African slave labor

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14
Q

Roger Williams

A

Questioned Puritan beliefs in MA Bay Colony, called for complete separation of church and state, universal manhood suffrage, banished and creates 1st colony with complete religious freedom

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15
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

MA Bay Colony, covenant of grace instead of covenant of works, banished to RI, challenged accepted role of women in church and spoke out against church leaders

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16
Q

Half Way Covenant

A

1662- individuals could become partial members of the church without conversion

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17
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

Five Groups come together to form the Iroquois, dominate regions between Dutch and French colonies, guns from Dutch, Beaver Wars,

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18
Q

Virginia

A
  • 1607-Jamestown
  • joint stock company- Virginia company
  • starving period
  • John smith- military discipline saves colony
  • John Rolfe-introduces tobacco-cash crop-plantation system
  • indentured servants
  • head right system-paid for passage and get 50 acres- made rich richer
  • House of Burgesses- 1619- 1st representative gov in U.S.
  • Jamestown becomes royal colony-1624
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19
Q

Problems with VA colony

A

Tobacco destroyed the land causing movement west and interaction with natives, demand for labor goes up- Africans in 1619, tensions with natives increase, slavery

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20
Q

Powhatan and VA

A

Anglo-Powhatan Wars- 1610-1646

  • 1st war ends with John Rolfe and Pocahontas marriage
  • Massacre of 1622 starts 2nd War
  • defeated in 1646 because of disease, disorganization, and disposability
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21
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

1676

  • gov Berkeley did not allow people to move west because of natives
  • lack of political power (house of burgesses governed by plantation elite)
  • wanted the removal of native Americans
  • Nathaniel bacon leads rebellion against Indians and burned Jamestown
  • impact-leads to chattel slave labor
  • demonstrates social and geographically tensions
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22
Q

SW Natives

A

Arid, irrigation and maize and agriculture-permanent

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23
Q

Great Plain Natives

A

Lack of natural resources=nomads, Hunting buffalo

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24
Q

Northeast/ Atlantic Coast Natives

A

Agricultural and hunting gathering, permanent, Iroquois Confederation

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25
De Las Casas
Criticized the Spanish treatment of the natives
26
Maryland
Proprietorship run by Lord Baltimore, act of toleration 1649- allowed all Christians to worship freely, especially Catholics
27
Joint stock company
Stockholders invest in company and engage in profits and losses
28
Proprietorship
Land given by the king to an individual or group
29
Royal colony
Paid for and ruled directly by the monarch
30
Dominion of New England
King James II combines most colonies under a very strict rule, no more town meetings, invalidated land titles, angered villagers, puritans have less power over politics, 1686, Sir Edmund Andros, enforced navigation acts
31
Glorious revolution
William of Orange overthrows King James II, Whigs make William and Mary sign declaration of rights (constitutional monarchy) and house of power -John Locke- life, liberty, property
32
Colombian exchange
Europe to America- disease, cattle, horses, wheat, rice America to Europe- syphilis, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, etc
33
Indentured Servitude
Masters maximized gains by treating harshly and very few outlive term or escape a life of poverty
34
New England
Education, low mortality rate, not very religiously tolerant, extended family, fishing, shipbuilding, farming, subsistence, founded for religious reasons, rocky soil, long winters, social stability
35
Chesapeake
No extended families, low life expectancy, women have economic power, more tolerant of religion, plantation economy-tobacco, pop of black slaves, founded for economic reasons, social instability, Church of England-no puritans
36
Separatists come to new world
- pilgrims-leave Church of England because persecuted and flee to America for freedom - puritans-sought to purify religion, but were not very religiously tolerant
37
Mayflower compact
1620- based upon majority rule, basis of self gov
38
MA Bay Colony
John Winthrop established in 1629, CITY UPON A HILL, religion-puritans only, church membership required for political participation, town hall meeting- direct democracy, ends after dominion of New England
39
New England and Pequot War
1630- New England wipes out Pequot tribe
40
New England Confederation
1643- military alliances to defend colonies against possible threats
41
Metacom's War
1675-6, leader of Wanpanoags defeated by colonists | -end of major native resistance to NE colonies
42
William Penn and Pennsylvania
1681, refuge for Quakers "holy experiment", representative, pacifists, fair with natives, representative assembly, rights to women
43
New York (Duke of York)
Originally a Dutch colony called new Amsterdam, Charles II grants area to brother (James the Duke of York) 1664
44
Navigation Acts
Trade occurs on English or colonial ships, English ports, certain products sent only to England; often smuggled to get around acts
45
Triangular Trade
Slaves and goods from Africa, the Caribbean or Europe, and colonies
46
Stono Rebellion
1739 South Carolina; slave revolt, tried to get to free Spanish Florida, rebellion defeated and led to stricter slave laws,
47
Great Awakening
1730s-40s: spreads throughout colonies and causes many to convert Jonathan Edwards- Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God George Whitefield- energized style of preaching Old Lights- against GA new lights- supported GA New universities, religious independence and diversity, separation of church and state
48
Southern Colonies
Male dominated, southern gentry (hierarchy of wealth and status), cash crop plantation economy, indentured servants moves to African slavery (bacons rebellion), slavery is huge in SC
49
Rights of Englishmen
The king promised the colonists could keep their rights as Englishmen in the new world. Freedom, private property, the rule of law, king and country. Magna carta, charter of Virginia, laws and liberties in MA
50
Lord De La Warr
Arrived in Jamestown in 1610, he was a veteran of the vicious campaigns against the Irish and introduced "Irish Tactics" in a campaign against the Indians. His troops attacked Indian villages and torched cornfields.
51
Primogeniture Laws and Impact
The laws of Primogeniture decreed that only the eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates. Younger sons would have to seek their fortunes elsewhere. The younger sons come to America for new opportunities
52
French Colonial Policy
Controlled immigration into colonies, increased geographic extent of empire by fur trade
53
English Colonial Policy
Allow mass immigration and led to production of industry and agriculture, English use colonies as a place to sell and trade goods
54
Spanish empire decline
English defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588, virtually leaving it with no military or navy and bankruptcy; king Philip II spent all money on religious wars and causes economic decline-> rise of English
55
Spanish colonial policy
Rule by encomienda system- claims tribute from natives, convert natives to Christianity, haciendas-large estates
56
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.
57
Scots-Irish
Settled in middle colonies for religious freedom and farming, were Presbyterian and also settled in Appalachians, very strong and did not easily die with native attacks
58
John Winthrop Arabella summary
Winthrop's 'A Modell of Christian Charity' presents a deeply religious idea about how the Puritans should treat one another in order to ensure the survival of their colony. In this short sermon, Winthrop starts by saying that God has created men of different ranks in life - rich, poor, powerful and powerless - for three reasons: 1. Because God wants to show wisdom in creating these different types of people. 2. Because God wants to have the rich, the poor, the powerful and the powerless respect and help one another. 3. Because God wants to have these different types of people come together as one religious community that serves both God and one another through their different strengths.
59
Ben Franklin
Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.
60
Great Awakening (1739-1744)
Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.
61
Deism
The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.
62
Role of women in areas
NE- women are not a part of town meetings and didn't really have political power Middle Colonies- women have a strong role in religious and political activities Southern Colonies- women have economic power and can inherit their husbands' land after they died
63
New world vs old world
New world has more extensive use of slavery, more autonomy, different ways of making money (cash crops sold to Europe rather than depending upon mercantilism), toleration of religion

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