Ch 2,3,12 Flashcards
Bourgeoise
Middle-class; pejorative in Marxist usage
Bailout
Emergency loan to prevent corporation or government from collapsing
Classic liberalism
Adam Smith’s theory that an economy corrects itself without government supervision; came US conservatism
Construct
Idea so widely excepted that it seems to be fact
Constructivism
Mental constructs, formed by Soical interaction and convention, govern thinking
Contradiction
In Marxism, a deep, incurable problem that rips the society apart
Crusade
In realist thought, an ideological war unrelated to the true national interest
Cui Bono
Latin for “to whose benefit?” Or “who gains”?
Cultural hegemony
Gramsci’s theory of capitalist control of culture keeps workers unrevolutionary
Eclectic
Drawn from a variety of sources
Empirical
Supported by observable evidence
Groupthink
Janis theory that group cohesion stifles doubt and dissent
Liberalism
Presumption that countries can interact peacefully
Marxism
Militant, revolutionary form of socialism
National interest
What is good for a country as whole in international relations
Neo-
Revival or updating or previous ideology or approach
Paradigm
A widely accepted research model or way of studying things
Rational
Able to think clearly and test ideas against reality
Theory
Explanation of why things happen
Proletariat
In Marxism, class of industrial workers
Relativism
Abandoning absolute moral standards
Realism
IR theory that emphasizes power and national interest
Causality
Proving that one thing causes another
Micro
Close-ups of individual and small-group behavior
Level of analysis
Where you suppose causality resides: in individuals, states, or the international system
Reactionary
Extremely conservative:; seeks returning to old ways
Macro
Big, panoramic view of state interactions
Escalation
Tendency of wars to get bigger and fiercer
Asymmetric
Out of balance, as when one country has more power than others
Misperceive
To see things wrongly
Arms race
Competition between rival countries to build more waepons
Legitimate
In Kissinger’s theory, IR system in which states accept each other’s right to exist
Revolutionary
In Kissinger’s theory, IR system in which a major state seeks to overthrow others
Analogy
A previous situation that you think explains a present one
Casualty
Killed or wounded
Sunk Costs
Previous losses justify continuing the war
Security
What a country does to safeguard its sovereignty
Defense
Blocking an enemy’s attack
Deterrence
Dissuading attack by showing its high costs to the attacker
Detente Diplomacy
Attempts to relax tensions between hostile countries
Disarmament
Elimination of existing weapons
Bliitzkrieg
German for “lighting war” quick armored attack
Credibility
Being considered trustworthy or believable, the crux of deterrence
Second-strike capablity
Ability to hit back after a first strike; if credible, promotes deterrence
Security Dilemma
Mutually reinforcing negative efforts of each nations efforts to increase defense capabilties
Dreadnought
Early name for a battleship
Rogue State
Aggressive, risk-taking regime unbound by rules or agreement
Coercive Disarmament
Methods of compelling a foe to give up weapons
Appeasement
A concession to satisfy a hostile country; in disrepute since hitler
Strategic Defense Initiative
Defensive missiles to protect the united states from incoming missiles
National Missile Defense
Revival of SDI proposed by Bush 43
Neoliberal
Emphasizes economic interdependence and international organizations
Interdependence
Mutual and interlocking benefit
Target Hardening
Increasing security at a specific place to prevent attack
