Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1033 > CH 2 > Flashcards

CH 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cohesion

A

water molecules are chemically attracted to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adhesion

A

water molecules are chemically attracted to other polar substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

polymer

A

large molecule consisting of smaller subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

monomer

A

subunit of larger molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

buffer

A

a substance that helps to keep pH within normal limits by picking up excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids are..

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 2 elements must a molecule contain to be classified as organic

A

oxygen and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a carbohydrate, like starch, glycogen, and cellulose, that is a polymer of a monosaccharides is a…

A

polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a combination of bonded atoms attached to a carbon skeleton, which always reacts in the same way, is known as a

A

functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

simple sugars, like glucose or ribose, that are the monomers for all larger carbohydrates are called

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RNA and DNA are..

A

nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RNA is produced by

A

complimentary base pairing to a DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hydrophillic

A

ionized and polar molecules that are attracted to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hydrophobic

A

nonionized and nonpolar molecules that are not attracted to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what elements do carbohydrates consist of

A

hydrogen oxygen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an amino acid contains..

A

an acid group, and amino group, and an r group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

denaturation occurs when a protein loses its..

A

shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are functions of fats and oils

A

protect major organs, store energy, insulate against heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ATP contains the nitrogen-containing base —–, the sugar ribse, and three —— groups

A

adenine, phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is related to the function of DNA

A

protein synthesis, genetic material, replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glucose is used as a source of..

A

energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lipids are organic molecule that do not dissolve in..

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The levels of protein organization are..

A

primary structure, secondary structure (alpha,beta), tertiary structure, and quaternary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the material that stores a cell’s genetic information is called

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bases pick up —— and release ——–

A

hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

whereas lipids called — are liquid at room temperature and usually produced by plants, lipids called —- are solid at room temperature are usually produced by animals

A

oils,fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

characteristics of a phospholipid

A

polar phosphate group, nonpolar tail, structurally similar to fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a protein is a composed of a chain of monomers called

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

within an organism, what are carbohydrates typically used for

A

providing energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the —- level of protein structure results from the combining of separate polypeptides

A

quaternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the sequence of amino acids i a protein is the —– structure of a protein

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what groups are found in an amino acid

A

amino group, acid group, and R group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the secondary structure of a protein relies on what type of bonding between amino acids

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the energy currency molecule of a cell is abreviated

A

ATP (adenisene triphospate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are functions of fats and oils

A

protect major organs, insulate against heat loss, store energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

C6H12O6 is the molecular formula for..

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

the polysaccharide celluose is formed from many glucose monomers

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

phospholipid tails are —–

A

hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a peptide bond occurs between two —- acids

A

amino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

proteins assist our bodies in

A

chemical reactions, chemical signaling, and fighting off infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

NaOH disassociates in water releasing hydroxide ions and is therefore an example of a

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When dissolved in water an acid releases

A

H+ hydroxide ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hydrocarbon chain with no double bonds

A

Saturated

44
Q

Hydrocarbon chain with double bonds

A

Unsaturated

45
Q

Hydrocarbon chain to which hydrogens have been added

A

Trans

46
Q

Amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl, and carboxylic, are different types of —— groups that may be attached to organic molecule

A

Functional

47
Q

Polysaccharides may serve as —– molecules

A

Structural, energy storage

48
Q

Each nucleotide of a nucleic acid contains a —– group, a pentose —–, and a nitrogen-containing —-

A

Phosphate, sugar, base

49
Q

The molecule that forms fats and oils is called a…

A

Triglyceride

50
Q

The complimentary base pairs that occur in DNA..

A

Cytosine-guanine, adenine-thymine

51
Q

A phospholipid molecule has a —— head and a —— tail

A

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

52
Q

A carbohydrate like starch glycogen and cellulose that is a polymer of monosaccharides is called a…

A

Polysaccharide

53
Q

What are functions or cholesterol

A

Precursor of biles salts
Component of the plasma membrane
Precursor of sex hormone

54
Q

Polysaccharides serve as a —- mole

A

Energy storage, structural

55
Q

The final three dimensional shape of a protein that consists of a single polypeptide is called a —– structure

A

Tertiary

56
Q

Starch is an energy storing molecule for..

A

Plants

57
Q

The primary structure of a protein is the..

A

Sequence of amino acids

58
Q

Properties of water essential to life

A 
Cohesion
Adhesion
High heat of vaporization
Solvent ability
Low density of ice compared to water 
surface tension
59
Q

Actin and myosin are two cell proteins that perform what function

A

Movement

60
Q

The final three dimensional shape of a protein that consists of a single polypeptide is called the —– structure

A

Tertiary

61
Q

What chemicals would need to be emulsified in order to mix with water

A

Triglycerides
Oils
Fats

62
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA

A

Number of nucleotide strands
Type of sugar
Combination of different nitrogen-containing bases

63
Q

Plants store glucose as —- whereas animals store glucose as —-

A

Starch

Glycogen

64
Q

Which functions are related to DNA

A

Genetic material
Replication
Protein synthesis

65
Q

Which elements do carbohydrates consist of

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

66
Q

When dissolved in water, an acid releases..

A

OH-

67
Q

A combination of bonded atoms attached to a carbon skeleton, which always reacts in the same way, is a….

A

Functional group

68
Q

A monosaccharide is a..

A

Simple sugar

Single sugar molecule

69
Q

When atoms of different elements bind together a special type of molecule called a —- is formed

A

Compound

70
Q

What groups are found on an amino acid

A

R group
Acid group
Amino group

71
Q

The primary function of DNA in a cell is to

A

Store genetic information

72
Q

Testosterone and cholesterol and examples of

A

Steroids

73
Q

A substance that helps to keep pH within normal limits by picking up excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions is called a

A

Buffer

74
Q

Fats, oils, steroids, and phospholipids are all..

A

Lipids

75
Q

Proteins are composed of monomers called..

A

Amino acids

76
Q

Glucose is a type of..

A

Sugar

77
Q

Electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally between the atoms are..

A

Nonpolar

78
Q

Electrons in a covalent bond are shared unequally between the atoms are..

A

Polar

79
Q

What is inorganic chemistry

A

Inorganic chemistry focuses on molecules including salts and water that constitute non-living matter, but are still important to living things

80
Q

The molecule that carries the information from the DNA strand to the ribosomes is

A

mDNA

81
Q

When a substance has a pH of 10 it means the solution is..

A

Alkaline

Basic

82
Q

Proteins assist our body in..

A

Chemical signaling
Fighting off infections
Chemical reactions

83
Q

When cells require energy, what happens

A

ATP undergoes hydrolysis, producing ADP+P with the release of energy

Becomes ADP
Losses one phosphate

84
Q

The polysaccharide that is responsible for the strong structural nature of cell walls is

A

Cellulose

85
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol are components of a..

A

Triglyceride

86
Q

Polar phosphate group, nonpolar tail, and structurally similar to fats are all characteristics of a..

A

Phospholipid

87
Q

The polysaccharide cellulose is formed from many —- monomers

A

Glucose

88
Q

In vertebrates the —- is the organ that stores glycogen

A

Liver

89
Q

The molecule that forms fats and oils is called a..

A

Triglyceride

90
Q

Polysaccharide may serve as —– molecules

A

Energy storage

Structural

91
Q

What is the molecular formula for the monosaccharide glucose

A

C6H12O6

92
Q

When dissolved in water, an acid releases..

A

H+

93
Q

The primary function of hemoglobin protein within red blood cells is to transport —–

A

Oxygen

94
Q

The polysaccharide —- is the main structural carbohydrate in the exoskeleton of a carb

A

Chitin

95
Q

When a substance releases hydrogen ions in solution it is considered to be an —–

A

Acid

96
Q

Keratin and collagen are examples of class of —— proteins

A

Structural proteins

97
Q

Plants and animals store energy in —- and —– respectively

A

Starch

Glycogen

98
Q

A radioactive isotope emits energy as….

A

Rays

Particles

99
Q

The mixing of fats with water, assisted by molecules that have both nonpolar and polar ends is called ———

A

Emulsification

100
Q

The complimentary base pairing of DNA is…

A

Cytosine and Guanine

Adenine and Thymine

101
Q

What does the structure of a nucleotide consist of?

A

A pentose sugar
A nitrogen-containing base,
And a phosphate functional group.

102
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A 
DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
And RNA ( ribonucleic acid)
103
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate an energy storing molecule

104
Q

What is adenosine?!

A

Adenine plus ribose

105
Q

The molecule that carries the information from the DNA strand to the ribosome is called ——.

A

mRNA

106
Q

The enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions in cells are called ——-.

A

Proteins

107
Q

CHNOPS are elements that make up 95% of your body.

A

Carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus sulfer

BIOL 1033 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions