ch. 2 Flashcards
?: any cell surface factor that promotes the attachment of an organism to a substrate
adhesion
?: is the ability of a microorganism to affix itself to a host surface or environmental habitat, where it will ?
colonization, replicate
?: is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease on/in its host cell
pathogenicity
pathogenicity is dependant on ?, ?, and ? of hosts immune response
location, genetic makeup (genotype), effectiveness
parasites are any microbe that ? and harms its host; commonly referring to ?
colonizes, protozoa
an ? is the growth of a pathogen or parasite in/on a host
infection
a disease is a ? of the normal ? or structure of a body part, system, or organ that is recognized by a set of ?
disruption, function, symptoms
? infections are diseases where ? develop ? and resolve quickly within a few days/weeks (common cold)
acute, symptoms, rapidly
? infections are diseases where symptoms develop ? and are slow to resolve
chronic, gradually
? pathogens: ? that can cause disease in ? people w/ ? functioning immune systems; they do not require “special conditions” like injury, surgery, weakened immune system, or malnutrition, to make someone sick
primary, microorganisms, healthy, normal
? pathogens: microbe that causes infection or ? in an ? host
opportunistic, disease, immunocompromised
a ? state is when a microorganism is present but ?
latent, dormant
? measures the severity/degree of a disease
virulence
LD50 stands for ? ? ?; it refers to the amount of a substance (finish it)
lethal dose 50%, required to kill 50% of the test population
a lower LD50 means …
a high LD50 means …
toxin is more dangerous bc it takes less to kill 1/2 the population
toxin is less dangerous bc it take more to kill 1/2 the population
ID50 stands for ? ? ?; it refers to the #/amt. of bacteria/virions needed to ? 50% of the test population
infectious disease 50%, infect
? is the entry of a pathogen in a body/cell where it then lives
invasion
? refers to the ability of a bacterial pathogen to rapidly spread
invasiveness
host range refers to all species that can be ? by a given ?
infected, pathogen
infectious disease describes the diseases that can be ? from ? to host
transmitted, host
a sign is something that can be
a symptom is something that can be
observed, felt
? is the combo of signs and symptoms that come tg and cause a disease or condition
syndrome
immunopathology is the
damage to tissues bc of an immune response
sequelae refers to the long-term ? after ? or ?
complications, illness, injury
stages of infectious diseases:
1. ?- time bt exposure and appearance of symptoms
2. ?- early, mild symptoms indicating the onset of illness
3. ?- severe symptoms, body actively fighting infection
4. ?- symptoms subside as treatment takes over
5. ?- body recovers and returns to normal
incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence
define:
morbidity
incidence
mortality
chief complaint
of those infected, # of new cases, # of deaths, reason for visit
differential is a list of
possible causes for disease/infection
define:
horizontal transmission
vertical transmission
transovarial transmission
pathogen goes from host to host (sneezing, coughing, laughing, touching, insects, animals)
pathogen goes from parent to offspring
pathogen spreads from parent to offspring thru infected egg cell
define:
direct contact
indirect (vehicle) contact
fomite
airborne
aerosals
thru shaking hands or intercourse
thru food, water, surfaces
inanimate object by which pathogens are transmitted
transmission thru the air
tiny droplets spread/transmitted thru the air
? spreads diseases
? harbors diseases
? vectors move/carry a pathogen on its body to a new host thru direct contact (vector does not become infected)
vector, reservoir, mechanical
zoonotic diseases are diseases transmitted from
carrier means that they ? and ? pathogens but are ?
animal to human (sometime thru vectors)
have, spread, asymptomatic
define:
endemic
epidemic
pandemic
emerging disease
a disease always present in a community
rapid disease outbreak w/i a region
worldwide disease outbreak
disease that has recently appeared
define routes:
fecal-oral
respiratory
urogenital
parenteral
from stool to mouth bc of improper handwashing hygiene
inhalation of airborne pathogens that enter respiratory pathway of host
entry thru urinary tract or genitals
pathogens injected into blood bc of contaminated needle
biosafety lvs.:
1. lowest level; little to no ? ?
2. greater pathogenic potential but ? & ? are available
3. produce serious or ? human disease but ? available
4. highest level; extremely dangerous, no treatment/vaccines available
pathogenic potential, vaccines, treatment, lethal, vaccines
