Ch 2

Question 1

S DATA

Answer 1

-SELF reports, ask person directly
-can be objective and have face validity
-DEFINITIONAL TRUTH AND CAUSAL FORCE

Question 2

i DATA

Answer 2

-judgments by knowledgeable INFORMANTS about someone else’s personality
-subjective
-HAS DEFINITIONAL TRUTH AND CAUSAL FORCE

Question 3

L DATA

Answer 3

-LIFE outcomes
-verifiable real life facts ex. grades, records
-seen as result/residue of personalty
-correlate with life outcomes ex. jailtime = correlated w/specific life outcome
-problem = multideterminism (can have many causes)

Question 4

B DATA

Answer 4

-observe behaviour in real life or lab
via…
1: natural a) diary: self report of what doing OR b) experience sampling: beep beep report of what doing
2. lab setting

Question 5

definitional truth

Answer 5

the answer is objectively true
ex. ask person if they like apples

Question 6

causal force

Answer 6

answers have causal force means there are causal implications from a response. ex. i data: implications for reputation. good/bad reputations have specific causal outcomes

Question 7

multideterminism

Answer 7

hard to determine what the actual cause of the event was or implications of an event

Question 8

funders 4th law

Answer 8

only 2 kinds of data: terrible data and no data
-must gather multiple forms of data for relevance

Question 9

RELIABILITY

Answer 9

-are ur results reliable across diff situations and time

Question 10

measurment error

Answer 10

-reliability issue
-results vary b/c random uncontrolled for influence

Question 11

VALIDITY

Answer 11

-are u measuring what you’re intending to measure
-ALL VALID TESTS ARE RELIABLE, BUT NOT ALL RELIABLE TESTS ARE VALID

Question 12

generalizability

Answer 12

degree that a measurment can be found under diverse circumstances (culture, context, population)
-includes reliability and validity

Question 13

cohort effect

Answer 13

research finding limited to one group/cohort of ppl

Question 14

burden of proof

Answer 14

should resist making simplistic generalizations
-share burden of truth w/whoever’s calling u out

Question 15

variable vs values

Answer 15

-variable is the dimension with two or more values/levels
-values/levels are within the variable
-must consider whole variable

Question 16

statistical significance
vs
clinical significance

Answer 16

-based on probability, is there an effect above probable chance

-effect both statistically significant and large enough to have practical importance

Question 17

diff between correlational and experimental research

Answer 17

-experimental always involves random sampling and random assignment AND manipulate IV
-anytime groups represent naturally occurring diffs or based on a characteristic that you measure, it is correlational