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Anatomy and Physiology II > Ch 19 Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Ch 19 Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

3 major vessels

A

Arteries capillaries veins

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2
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from heart

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3
Q

Veins carry blood where?

A

Toward the heart.

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4
Q

Arteries carry what kind if blood in systemic circulation?

A

Oxygenated blood

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5
Q

Veins carry what kind of blood in the systemic circulation?

A

Oxygen poor blood

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6
Q

In the pulmonary circulation the arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart and oxygen poor

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7
Q

In the pulmonary circulation, the veins carry blood

A

From the lungs to the heart

Oxygenated

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8
Q

Walls of the blood vessels have how many layers?

A

3 tunics

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9
Q

Lumen

A

Blood containing space

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10
Q

Vasoconstriction/vasodilation occurs in which tunic?

A

Tunic media

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11
Q

Chief functioned the tunic media

A

Maintain blood pressure

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12
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Thick

Neat the heart

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13
Q

Elastin

A

Swiss cheese appearance between layers of smooth muscle cells

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14
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Diver blood to specific body organs

Vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Arteriolar

A

Smallest arteries

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16
Q

3 types if capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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17
Q

Continuous capillaries are where?

A

Skin and muscle

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18
Q

Intracellar clefts

A

Membranes

Allows limited passage of solutes and fluids.

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19
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Permeable to fluids and small solutes

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20
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are where?

A

Sm. intestine

Endocrine organs

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21
Q

Sinusoids

A

Leaky capillaries

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22
Q

Where are sinusoid all capillaries found?

A

Liver
Bone narrow
Spleen
Adrenal medulla

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23
Q

Hepatic macrophages

A

Kupferr cells

Remove and destroy contained bacteria

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24
Q

Capillary beds

A

Network of capillaries

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25
Q

Microcirculation

A

Flow if blood from the arteriole to a venule

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26
Q

Capillary bed consists if 2 vessels

A

Vascular shunt
True capillaries
Exchange vessels

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27
Q

Route of capillary beds

A

Terminal arteriole
Metarteriole
Thoroughfare channel
Post capillary venule

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28
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

Surrounds the root of a true capillary to regulate blood flow into the capillary

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29
Q

When the capillaries sphincter is open what happens?

A

Blood flows through capillaries and takes Orr in exchanges with tissue cells

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30
Q

When the precapillary sphincter is closed, what happens?

A

Blood flows through the shunts and biopasses tissue cells

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31
Q

Vascular anastomoses

A

Vascular channels that unite and form inner connections

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32
Q

Arterial anastomoses

A

Arteries supplying the same area as vascular anastomoses

33
Q

Collateral channels

A

Alternate pathway for blood to reach a region

34
Q

Arterial anastomoses occurs where?

A

Joints
Abdominal organs
Brain
Heart

35
Q

Arteries that do not anastomoses

A

Retina
Kidneys
Spleen

36
Q

Blood flow

A

Volume of blood flowing through through a vessel, organ, entire circulation

37
Q

BP

A

Force per unit area excerpted on a vessel wall by the contained blood

38
Q

Resistance

A

Opposition to flow

Measure if the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessels

39
Q

Blood viscosity

A

Internal resistance to flow

40
Q

Total blood vessel length

A

Relationship between total blood vessel length and resistance

41
Q

What 2 factors does arterial bp reflect?

A

How much the elasric arteries close to the heart stretch

The volume of the blood forced onto them at any time

42
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Left ventricle contracts and the pressure peaks as it goes into the aorta

43
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Aortic valves closes

Aortic pressure drops to the lowest

44
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

45
Q

Increased SV and faster blood ejection=

A

Increases contractility

46
Q

MAP

A

Mean arterial pressure

Pressure that propels the blood to the tissues

47
Q

Formula for MAP

A

MAP=diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3

48
Q

Respiratory pump

A

Pressure in the chest decreases thoracic veins to expand and speeds blood entry into right atrium

49
Q

Muscular pump

A

Keeps blood from flowing back as the skeletal muscles contract and relax

50
Q

Short-term control

A

Mediated by the nervous system

Counteract fluctuations in blood pressure by altering resistance

51
Q

Brutal controls of peripheral resistance are directed at 2 goals

A

Maintaining adequate MAPLtwring blood distribution to respond to different demands of various organs

52
Q

Most neural controls operate by reflex arcs by…

A

Baroreceptors

53
Q

Sometimes inputs from chemoreceptors will

A

Influence the neural control mechanism

54
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Neural center that oversees changes in the diameter of blood vessels

55
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

Integrates bp control by alternating CO and blood vessel diameter

56
Q

Vasomotor fibers

A

vasomotor center Transmits impulses at a steady rate along sympathetic efferents

57
Q

Vasomotor tone

A

Arterioles are in a state if moderate constriction

58
Q

vasomotor activity is modified by inputs from

A

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Higher brain centers

59
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Neural receptors

60
Q

Paracrines

A

Serve to match the amount of blood flow to the metabolic need of a particular tissue

61
Q

Adrenal medulla hormones

A

Release norepinephrine and epinephrine to the blood to the sympathetic response

62
Q

Angiotensin II

A

An enzyme that results from renin

63
Q

Arterial natriuretic peptide ANP

A

Hormone that the heart produces which causes blood volume and blood pressure to decline

64
Q

Anti diuretic hormone ADH (vasopressin)

A

Stimulates the kidneys to conserve water

65
Q

Long term controls of bp counteract fluctuations in bp by altering blood volume.

A

altering blood volume.

66
Q

Renin angiotensin mechanism

A

Indirect renal mechanism

67
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone that enhances renal absorption

68
Q

Tissue perfusion

A

Blood flow through body tissues

69
Q

Tissue perforation is involved in

A

Divert of oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells

Removal if waste from tissue cells
Gas exchange in lungs
Absorption of nutrients from digestive tract
Urine formation

70
Q

Autoregulation

A

Automatic adjustment of the blood flow to each tissue

71
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Vasodilator

Releases when vasodilation is needed

72
Q

Endothelial

A

Vasoconstrictor

73
Q

4 routes across capillaries for different molecules

A

Lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through a lipid bilayer

  • fluid-filled intercellular capillary clefts
  • fenestrations
  • lg molecules transported in pinocytotic vesicles
74
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Force excerted by a fluid pressing against the wall.

75
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

Created by the presence Ina fluid of lg nondifusable molecules

76
Q

Circulatory shock

A

Blood vessels are I adequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally.

77
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Loss of blood

78
Q

Vascular shock

A

Blood volume normal but circulation is poor due to abnormal expansion of the vascular bed caused by extreme vasodilation

79
Q

Arteries run deep and veins run deep and superficial

A

deep and superficial

Anatomy and Physiology II (2 decks)

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