Ch 19

Question 1

AlCl3

Answer 1

Halogen comes off and is replaced by bond connecting two structures

Question 2

MgBr (ketones and aldehydes)

Answer 2

Attacks C=O to make an OH and the rest of the MgBr structure

Question 3

RNH2

Answer 3

Forms IMINE! Changes C=O to C=N-R

Question 4

R2NH

Answer 4

ENAMINE! Changes C=O to C single bond N-R2 with adjacent double bond

Question 5

R-OH 2 eq./ H3O+

Answer 5

Opens C=O to make two O groups attached to whatever R is

Question 6

R=PPh3

Answer 6

Changes C=O to C=R

Question 7

C=O HCN

Answer 7

Breaks C=O open to make -OH and -CN

Question 8

What does oxidizing an aldehyde do?

Answer 8

Makes it a carboxylic acid (normally KMnO4 or HNO3 is used)

Question 9

DIBAH, toluene

Answer 9

Changes ester to aldehyde

Question 10

Aldehyde NaBH4

Answer 10

Reduces to a primary OH

Question 11

H2NNH2 or H4N2

Answer 11

Wolff Kishner- bites off all =O’s

Question 12

O3

Answer 12

Cleaves C=C bond into C=O O=C

Question 13

Oxidation vs Reduction

Answer 13

Oxidizing either adds an O or takes out two H’s

Reducing either takes out an O or adds two H’s