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BioChem Exam 3 > Ch 18: Overview of Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch 18: Overview of Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

Metabolism is….

A

Sum total

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2
Q

Metabolism

Catabolism

A

Breaks Down Complex Molecules (Exergonic)

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3
Q

Metabolism

Exergonic

A

Produce Energy

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4
Q

Metabolism

Anabolism

A

Synthesize molecules/combines simple molecules into complex ones (Endergonic)

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5
Q

Metabolism

Endergonic

A

Consumes Energy

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6
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic Pathways

A

Pathway arrangement of chemical reactions in cells where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

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7
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Every chemical reaction in metabolism is…

A

catalyzed by an enzyme

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8
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Enzymes are used…

A

like valves to control the flow of material through metabolic pathways

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9
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Non-spontaneous Reactions

A

Thermodynamically unfavorable

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10
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Spontaneous Reactions

A

Thermodynamically Favorable

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11
Q

Metabolic Pathways

Non-spontaneous reactions are driven by….

A

coupling them to spontaneous reactions.

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12
Q

Metabolic Pathways

TCA Cycle

(tricarboxylic acid cycle/Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle)

A

All metabolic pathways eventually converge into the TCA cycle

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13
Q

ATP

ATP is the….

A

Universal Currency of Free Energy

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14
Q

ATP

ATP is also…

A

one of the common links between catabolism and anabolism

shuttles chemical energy between them

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15
Q

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Substate Level Phosphorylation

A

Transferring high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate directly to ADP

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16
Q

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Removes electrons and passes them through the electron transport chain to oxygen

generates an electrochemical gradient which drives fromation of ATP

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17
Q

Mechanisms of ATP Generation

Photophosphorylation

A

Chlorophyll Photosynthesis

only in chlorophyll containing plants

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18
Q

Protein/AA Catabolism

Deamination

A

amino group removal from amino acids so they can enter the TCA Cycle

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19
Q

Protein/AA Catabolism

Amino acids are ……… to produce ……….

A

oxidized, ATP

20
Q

Protein/AA Anabolism

Protein synthesis from amino acids is called ……… and carried out in …………

A

Translation, Ribosomes

21
Q

Protein/AA Anabolism

The Essential Amino Acids are:

A

Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Trp, Phe, Thr, Lys, His

22
Q

Protein/AA Anabolism

Essential AA must be ….

A

Present in the diet as they cannot be synthesized

23
Q

Protein/AA Anabolism

How can the rest of the AA be synthesized?

A

In body cells using Transamination

24
Q

Protein/AA Anabolism

What 2 parts are needed for Transamination?

A

Carbon Skeleton and amino group

Amino group adds onto carbon skeleton to farm AA

25
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

DNA and RNA are degraded by …..

A

enzymes

26
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

Nucleotides are degraded into ……. by ………

A

Nucleosides, enzymes

27
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

Nucleosides are degraded into ……. by …….

A

bases, enzymes

28
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

What bases are nucleosides degraded into?

A

Purines and pyrimidines

29
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

What does Purine degrade into?

A

uric acid

30
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Catabolism

What does pyrimidine degrade into?

A

CO2, NH3, and B-AA

B= beta

31
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism

DNA goes through what types of anabolism?

A

Replication, Repair, and Recombination

32
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism

RNA goes through what types of anabolism?

A

synthesis and processing

33
Q

Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Anabolism

What types of nucleotide synthesis is there?

A

De Novo and the Salvage Pathway

34
Q

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Starch and glucose are broken down by enzymes to produce…..

A

glucoses

35
Q

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Glucose catabolism includes:

A

gycolysis, TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway

36
Q

Carbohydrate Anabolism

Gluconeogenesis

A

synthesizing glucoses

37
Q

Carbohydrate Anabolism

Photosynthesis

A

synthesizing glucoses

38
Q

Carbohydrate Anabolism

Glycogenesis

A

Storage of glucoses in the form of polysaccharides

39
Q

Lipid Catabolism

What is the name for Lipid Catabolism

A

Lipolysis

40
Q

Lipid Catabolism

Tryglycerides split into ….

A

glycerol and fatty acids

41
Q

Lipid Catabolism

Why is this done?

A

So muscles, liver, and adipose tissues can oxdize fatty acids

42
Q

Lipid Anabolism

What is lipid anabolism called?

A

Lipogenesis

43
Q

Lipid Anabolism

Which cells synthesis lipids?

A

Liver and adipose cells

44
Q

Lipid Anabolism

What do they synthesis lipids from?

A

glucose or amino acids

45
Q

Lipid Anabolism

Why does lipogenesis occur?

A

When we consume more calories than needed for ATP production

BioChem Exam 3 (7 decks)

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