Ch. 18- National Security Policymaking

Question 1

Foreign Policy

Answer 1

involves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of U.S. foreign policy

Question 2

United Nations

Answer 2

1945- currently including 193 member nations, with a central peacekeeping mission and programs in areas including economic development and health, education, and welfare. The seat of real power of the UN is the Security Council

Question 3

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 3

Regional Org.-1949- include the U.S., canada, and most western european nations for mutual defense and has subsequently been expanded

Question 4

European Union (EU)

Answer 4

transnational govt composed of most euro nations that ccoordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies, making its members one economic unit

Question 5

Secretary of State

Answer 5

head of the Department of state and traditionally the key adviser to the pres. on foreign policy

Question 6

Seccretary of Defense

Answer 6

head of the dep. of defense and the president’s key advisor on military policy and such a key foreign policy actor

Question 7

National Security Council

Answer 7

President’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. Since its inception under President Truman, the Council’s function has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies.

Question 8

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Answer 8

Group that consists of the commanding officers of each of the armed services, a chairperson, and a vice chairperson, and advises the pres. on military policy

Question 9

Central Intelligence Agency

Answer 9

created after WW2- coordinate American Intelligence activities abroad and to collect,,, analyze, and evaluate intelligence

Question 10

Isolationism

Answer 10

Foreign policy cource that the U.S. followed throughout history whereby it tried to stay out of nations’ conflicts, particularly euro wars

Question 11

Containment Doctrine

Answer 11

foreign policy strategy advocated by george kennan that called the US to isolate the societ union, “contain” its advances and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible but by force if necessary

Question 12

Cold War

Answer 12

hostility between that US and the soviet union, which often brought them to the brink of war and which spanned the period from the end of WW2 until the collapse of the soviet union and eastern european communist regimes in 1989 and the years following

Question 13

Arms Race

Answer 13

tens race in the 1950s between Soviet Union & US whereby one side’s weaponry became the other side’s goad to procure mpre weaponry, etc.

Question 14

Detente

Answer 14

early 1970s- relaxation of tensionsbetween the US and the Soviet Union, coupled with firm guarentees of mutual security

Question 15

Interdependency

Answer 15

Mutual reliance, as in the economic realm, in which actions in nations reverberate and affect the economic well-being of people in other nations

Question 16

Tariff

Answer 16

special tax added to imported goods to raise their price thereby protecting businesses and workers from foreign competition

Question 17

balance of Trade

Answer 17

ratio of what is paid for imports to what is earned from exports. When more is paid than earned, there is a balance-of-trade deficit

Question 18

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Answer 18

economic organization consisting primarily of middle eastern nations that seeks to control the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations and hence the price of oil

Question 19

Foreign Aid

Answer 19

desire to stabilize nations that were friendly tot he US or that possessed supplies of vital raw materials.congress typically cuts president’s foreign aid requests. less than 1% of the federal budget goes to economic and humanitarian foreign aid