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Chem midterm 4 > Ch. 18 Lipids > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Lipids can be categorized into…

A

Saponifiable and Nonsaponifiable

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2
Q

Saponification

A

Making of Soap

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3
Q

What kind of lipids can be saponifiable?

A

Simple Lipids and Complex Lipids

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4
Q

What kind of lipids that are Nonsaponifiable

A

Steroids

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5
Q

What make up Simple lipids?

A

Triglycerides and Waxes

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6
Q

What makes up complex lipids?

A

Phosphoglycerides

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7
Q

What are Lipids made up of?

A

Fatty Acids

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8
Q

What are Fatty Acids?

A

They are long-chain carboxylic acids.
Nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
Polar, hydrophilic head

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9
Q

Amino acids have what type of an acid group?

A

Carboxylic acid

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10
Q

How many carbons does fatty acids have?

A

10 - 20 Carbons
(They have an even number of carbons)

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11
Q

Fatty Acid chains can be saturated or unsaturated. If it is an unsaturated Hydro-carbon, what kind of bond will it have?

A

A double or triple bond.

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12
Q

A body can produce saturated fats when it has more…

A

energy

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13
Q

Saturated Fats are…

A

BAD >:(

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14
Q

Unsaturated Fats are…

A

Healthy :)

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15
Q

What does branching do to physical property?

A

It decreases the physical property and melting point goes down.

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16
Q

More saturation means

A

lowering the physical properties

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17
Q

Essential Fatty Acids that the body CANNOT synthesize are:

A

-Linoleic Acids (an omega-6 fatty acid)

-Linolenic Acids (an omega-3 fatty acid)

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18
Q

What type of fats do our bodies synthesize?

A

Saturated fats

19
Q

Triglyceride

A

has glycerol (3 carbon alcohol)

20
Q

A triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature, is ….

A

Fat

21
Q

A triglyceride that is a liquid at room temperature, is…

A

Oil

22
Q

Tri glyceride with NaOH ( Sodium Hydroxide) can produce

A

Fatty Acid Salts (Base)

23
Q

Triglyceride with H2 / Ni can produce

A

A more saturated triglyceride

24
Q

Breaking apart water is…

A

Hydrolysis

25
Q

Polysaccharides and Triglycerides can use what to be broken apart

A

Hydrolysis

26
Q

The three reactions of Triglycerides are

A

Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, and Saponification.

27
Q

The suffix “-ate” means what?

A

Unpropanated

28
Q

Hydrogenated makes more

A

Saturation

29
Q

Waxes

A

esters of a long chain fatty acids and a long chain alcohols

30
Q

Waxes can be what in water?

A

Insoluble. It is NOT easily hydrolyzed.

31
Q

Why are waxes important in nature?

A

It provides protective coatings on feathers, fur, skin, leaves, and fruit.

32
Q

Triglyceride has how many fatty acids?

A

3

33
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model is kept together by

A

Intermolecular forces

33
Q

Emulsify means what?

A

Turning non-soluble into a colloid

34
Q

What kind of salts emulsify lipids?

A

Bile-salts

35
Q

Phosphoglycerides are used as what?

A

emulsifying agent in foods

36
Q

Steroids are what kind of lipids?

A

Non-saponifiable lipids

36
Q

Cholesterol is what?

A

The most abundant steroid in the human body

37
Q

Bile Salts

A

important in lipid digestion and act as an emulsifying agent

38
Q

Steroids acts as what in the body?

A

Hormones

38
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers secreted by specific glands and carried by the blood to the targeted tisssue

39
Q

What are the two major categories of steroid hormones?

A

Adrenocorticoid hormones and sex hormones.

40
Q

What is part of the steroid hormones?

A

Cortisol, Progesterone, Estradiol, and Testosterone.

41
Q

What is the shape of a Steroid?

A

4 rings -> 3 six membered
-> 1 five membered

Chem midterm 4 (2 decks)

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