ch. 18-19 Flashcards
no state could deprive any citizen of right to vote
15 amendment
federal gov. took steps to directly regulate state-control election procedures
voting rights act 1965
supreme court ruled the formula congress used for state regulations was unconstitutional
shelby v. holder
to deprive the right to vote
disenfranchise
an exemption in the law for a certain group based on previous conditions
grandfather clause
test based on a persons ability to read and write
literacy test
money paid in order to vote
poll tax
outlawed poll tax in national elections
24th amendment
women suffrage
19th amendment
lowered voting age to 18
26th amendment
dictates the length of terms of members of congress, the president, and vp
constitutional role of the federal election cycles
the location in a precinct where people vote
polling place
a voting district
precinct
legislative referendum
a measure to the votes for their approval
popular referendum
voters gather signatures to put specific laws passed by the legislature on the ballot
citizens with enough signatures can propose their own laws or state constitutional amendments
initiative
direct contributions to a candidates political campaign
hard money
money raised by a political party for general purposes; money not designated for a candidate
soft money
process where individuals learn their political beliefs and attitudes
political socialization
a persons belief that they can have an impact on government and policy
political efficacy
the ideas and attitudes that a significant number of americans hold about government and political issues
public opinion
measure public opinions
scientific polling
steps to scientific polling
- select a sample group being questioned 2. present carefully worked questions in the sample 3. interpreting the results
