Ch 17 Plants & Fungi

Question 1

Define Apical Meristems.

Answer 1

Growth producing regions of cell divisions / found near tips of roots & stems.

Question 2

Define Vascular tissue

Answer 2

Network of thick walled cells into narrow tubes that extend thru the plant

Question 3

Xylem are…?

Answer 3

dead cells that form microscopic pipes - convey water & minerals up thru the roots

Question 4

Phloem consist of…?

Answer 4

living cells, distributes sugars thru out plant

Question 5

Define Lignin

Answer 5

A chemical which thickened/reinforced cell walls & supports the organism against pull of gravity

Question 6

Define Gametangia

Answer 6

male & female structures where mosses/ferns produce gametes / consist of protective jackets of cells

Question 7

Define sporangia

Answer 7

Protective structures in which gametes and spores are produced.

Question 8

A spore is a cell that can develop into a new organism
without fusing with another cell.

Question 9

Seedless nonvascular plants called bryophytes arose from an algal ancestor about
470 mya

Question 10

Gymnosperms (naked seed) were among the earliest seed plants. These
are not produced in specialized chambers. The largest clade of
gymnosperms is the conifers, consisting of cone-bearing trees

Question 11

Flowering plants, or angiosperms (container seed) arose about 140
mya, and have complex reproductive structures called flowers that
develop seeds within protective chambers. These are the most
abundant plants in the world.

Question 12

The origin of vascular plants occurred about 425 mya. Their lignin-hardened
vascular tissues provide strong support, enabling stems to stand upright and
grow tall on land. Two clades of vascular plants are informally called seedless
vascular plants. Still require moist environments
3. The first vascular plants with seeds arose about 360 mya and accounts for 90% of
all living plants. Seeds and pollen are key adaptations that improved the
ability of plants to diversify in terrestrial habitats

Question 13

Haploid spores in female reproductive structures develop into ovules, which
contain the egg-producing female gametophytes

Question 14

The ovule and its surrounding tissues mature into a seed consisting of an
embryo, a food supply to sustain it until capable of photosynthesis and a tough
seed coat.

Question 15

ike cones, flowers are also short stems bearing
modified leaves, but instead of scales, they have
sepals, which enclose the flower before it opens,
and petals, which are often conspicuous and
attract animal pollinators