Ch. 17 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

T or F: A patient with consistent dietary intake who loses 1 kg of weight in 1 day has lost 500 mL of fluid.

Answer 1

F 1000 mL

Question 2

T or F: A man who weight 90 kg has a total body water content of approximately 60L.

Answer 2

F: 90 x 60% = 54L

Question 3

T or F: Major tissue damage that causes release of intracellular electrolytes into extracellular fluid will cause hypernatremia.

Answer 3

F: hyperkalemia

Question 4

T or F: The primary difference in the electrolyte composition of intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid is the higher content of protein in plasma.

Answer 4

T

Question 5

T of F: The different concentrations of sodium and potassium between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

T of F: A cell surrounded by a hypoosmolar fluid will shrink and die as water moves out of the cell.

Answer 6

F: swell and burse, into

Question 7

T or F: Third spacing refers to the abnormal movement of fluid into interstitial spaces.

Answer 7

F: spaces that normally have little or no fluid

Question 8

T or F: The primary hypothalamic mechanism of water intake is thirst.

Answer 8

T

Question 9

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: pressure exerted by proteins

Answer 9

oncotic pressure

Question 10

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: ATP required

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: Flow of water from low-solute conentration to high-solute

Answer 11

osmosis

Question 12

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: force exerted by a fluid

Answer 12

hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: passive movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Answer 13

diffusion

Question 14

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: uses a carrier molecule

Answer 14

facilitated diffusion

Question 15

What is the mechanism of F/E movement: force determined by osmolality of a fluid

Answer 15

osmotic pressure

Question 16

Aldosterone is secreted by teh adrenal cortex in response to:

Answer 16

loss of sodium and water

Question 17

While caring for an 84-year old patient, the nurse monitors the patient’s fluid and electrolyte balance, recognizing that normal changes of aging are likely to cause

Answer 17

hyponatremia

Question 18

While obtaiing an assessment and health history from a patient, which of the following statements by the patient will alert the nurse to a possible fluid volume excess?

Answer 18

I have been taking some salt tablets while working outdooors in the summer, but they sure make me thristy.

Question 19

A patient at risk for hypernatremia is one who

Answer 19

has impaired consciousness and decreased thirst sensitivity

Question 20

Sypmptoms of sodium imbalances are primarily manifested through altered

Answer 20

CNS functioning

Question 21

alcohol withdrawal

Answer 21

hypophosphatemia

Question 22

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

hypokalemia

Question 23

parathyroidectomy

Answer 23

hypocalcemia

Question 24

diabetes inspididus

Answer 24

hypernatremia

Question 25

fleet enemas

Answer 25

hyperphosphatemia

Question 26

primary polydipsia

Answer 26

hyponatremia

Question 27

milk of magnesia use in renal failure

Answer 27

hypermagnesemia

Question 28

early burn state

Answer 28

hyperkalemia

Question 29

chronic alcoholism

Answer 29

hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia

Question 30

vitamin d deficiency

Answer 30

hypocalcemia

Question 31

osmotic diuresis

Answer 31

hypernatremia

Question 32

prolonged immobilization

Answer 32

hypercalcemia