CH. 17 Endocrine Vocab

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

a chronic condition characterized by enlargement of bones of the extremities and some bones of the head; thickening of facial soft tissues.

Question 2

Adrenal

Answer 2

pertaining to the adrenal glands, which sit atop each kidney

Question 3

Adrenaline

Answer 3

an internal secretion derived from the adrenal glands; can be commercially prepared from animal glands; acts as a stimulant.

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 4

a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 5

Aldosterone

Answer 5

a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 6

Cretinism

Answer 6

a congenital condition caused by the lack of the hormone thyroxin

Question 7

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 7

a disorder resulting from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Question 8

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 8

a metabolic disease caused by the body’s inability to use carbs

Question 9

Dwarfism

Answer 9

a condition caused by inadequate growth hormone during childhood

Question 10

Endocrine

Answer 10

a gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla

Question 12

Estrogen

Answer 12

a female hormone produced by the ovaries

Question 13

Exocrine

Answer 13

a gland that secretes substances through a duct into the body

Question 14

Exopthalmos

Answer 14

bulging or protruding eyeballs

Question 15

Gigantism

Answer 15

a condition resulting form the overproduction of growth hormone during childhood

Question 16

Glycohemoglobin

Answer 16

hemoglobin to which glucose is bound

Question 17

Glycosuria

Answer 17

sugar in the urine

Question 18

Goiter

Answer 18

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 19

Gonad

Answer 19

the sex glands; ovaries in females, testicles in males

Question 20

Gonadotropic

Answer 20

related to stimulation of the gonads

Question 21

Hormones

Answer 21

a chemical substance secreted by a hormone or gland

Question 22

Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

high blood sugar

Question 23

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 23

a condition caused by excessive secretion of the thyroid glands

Question 24

Hypoglycemia

Answer 24

low blood sugar

Question 25

Hypothyroidism

Answer 25

a condition caused by a marked deficiency of thyroid secretions

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

a hormone made in the pancreas that allows the body to use glucose for energy

Question 27

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 27

cluster of cells in the pancreas

Question 28

Luteinizing

Answer 28

a hormone effect that causes ovulation and progesterone in the female, and sperm production and testosterone in the male

Question 29

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 29

a biologic principle of the adrenal cortex involved in regulating body fluids and electrolytes

Question 30

Myxedema’s

Answer 30

a condition resulting from the hypofunction of the thyroid gland

Question 31

Parathyroid

Answer 31

small endocrine glands located close to the thyroid gland

Question 32

Pineal Body

Answer 32

a small endocrine gland attached to posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain

Question 33

Pituitary

Answer 33

a small endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain; the “master” gland

Question 34

Progesterone

Answer 34

a hormone secreted by the graafian follicle following the expulsion of the ovum

Question 35

Puberty

Answer 35

the period of life at which one becomes functionally capable of reporduction

Question 36

Testes

Answer 36

the male gonads of the scrotum that produce sperm

Question 37

Testosterone

Answer 37

a male hormone secreted by the testes that causes and maintains male secondary sex characteristics

Question 38

Tetany

Answer 38

intermittent tonic spasms resulting from inadequate parathyroid hormone

Question 39

Thyroid

Answer 39

an endocrine gland located anteriorly in the base of the neck

Question 40

Thyroidectomy

Answer 40

the surgical removal of the thyroid gland