CH 17 & 18: digestive and urinary systems Flashcards
Carbohydrate metabolism generates
ATP
lipid metabolism provides
energy storage and release
protein metabolism provides
amino acids
Adequate nutrition relies on
optimal intake
digestion
absorption
transportation of nutrients,
excretion of waste products.
Once the food goes through the process of digestion, the extracted nutrients are made suitable for
absorption and transportation.
process of ingesting and utilizing nutrients for energy.
Nutrition
Metabolism allows chemical
reactions that do three things
(1) produce heat to maintain body temperature
(2) conduct neural impulses
(3) contract muscles.
Nutrition also provides the substances needed for the
growth, repair, and
maintenance of cells.
Water functions to:
- Serve as a solvent promoting the availability of solutes to the cell
- Promote and maintain fluid balance
- Provide a transport medium for nutrients and wastes
- Serve as a lubricant
- Contribute to the regulation of body temperature
- Provide the foundation for metabolic reactions
- Contribute to the structure of cells and the circulatory system
The major macronutrients that are converted to usable sources of energy are:
proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates.
proteins are broken down into :
amino acids and absorbed into circulation
how many amino acids are essential and required in the diet
9
dietary fats:
support -
stimulate -
supports digestion by decreasing gastric motility and secretions
stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bile secretion to facilitate digestion, absorption, and transportation of fat-soluble vitamins.
Essential fatty acids influence:
plasma membrane fluidity
receptor function
enzyme activity
cytokine production.
considered an essential fatty acid and has been demonstrated to reduce many disease states, including heart disease.
Linoleic acid
digested and converted into glucose
carbohydrates
what are two actions of glucose after digested
- where about 50% is used for oxidation or stored as glycogen
- exits the liver and is circulated throughout the body to be used by cells for energy.
major role of carbohydrates
provide energy
organic substances that the body is unable to manufacture (for the most part) and,
therefore, must be consumed. (
Vitamins
fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
Vitamin K function
coagulation of the blood
Thiamin B1 function
regulation of neural function
Folate functions
DNA RNA synthesis
red blood cells and white blood cells in bone marrow
Cobalamin functions
metabolism of all cells, GI tract, bone marrow, nervous tissue