CH 13: Endocrine System Flashcards
The endocrine gland is made up of numerous glands that secrete:
hormones directly into the bloodstream
master gland consisting of anterior and posterior lobes with a section between called the pars intermedia.
pituitary gland
chemicals which affect the growth and/or function of other target tissues or organs
hormones
regulatory functions of hormones
metabolism
growth and development
muscle and fat distribution
fluid and electrolyte balance
sexual development
reproduction
stress response
control reproductive organ development, sperm production (testosterone), and secondary sec characteristics and growth
androgens (testes)
stimulates release of hormone from the adrenal cortex (ADH and cortisol)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
promotes water reabsorption (retention of fluids)
ADH/vasopressin (hypothalamus/post pit)
transmits neural impulses
epi and norepi (adrenal medulla)
stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver to increase glucose in the blood
glucagon
affects metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels; has anti-inflammatory properties
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
stimulates growth, protein synthesis, and fat metabolism; inhibits carb metabolism
growth hormone
facilitates growth transport into muscles, adipose, or liver cells to use for energy and growth
insulin
stimulates release of oocytes and production of estrogen and progesterone; stimulates secretion of testosterone
luteinizing hormone
affects circadian rhythm, inhibits reproductive functions, protects against free radical damage
melatonin
stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and milk release from breasts after childbirth
oxytocin
regulates calcium levels in the blood
parathyroid hormone
affects menstrual cycles; increase thickness of uterine wall; supports/ maintains pregnancy
progesterone
increase metabolic rate; needed for fetal and infant growth and development
thyroid hormone
endocrine glands
pancreas
thyroid
synthesize and release hormones
neurons
Neurotransmitter act ___ vs endocrine take ____
quickly vs hours to days
endocrine system chemical mediators
cytokines
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
important control center for many hormones
hypothalamic-pituitary axis
hormones exhibit predictable patterns of:
secretion, metabolism, and elimination