Ch. 17&18 Flashcards
- The endocrine system
A. releases neurotransmitters into ducts.
B. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
C. communicates via frequency-modulated signals.
D. contains organs called exocrine glands.
E. is isolated from the nervous system.
B. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
- What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
A. paracrine
- What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
A. paracrine
- What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?
A. paracrine
B. neurotransmitter
C. autocrine
D. endocrine
B. neurotransmitter
- What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?
A. the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
B. its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
C. the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function
D. its ability to inactivate the hormone
E. the size of the target cell
A. the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
- What do all hormones have in common?
A. They are made from amino acids.
B. They are bound to transport molecules in the blood.
C. They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell.
D. They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell.
E. They are all lipid-soluble.
C. They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell.
- Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems.
B. Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule.
C. Some neurons secrete hormones.
D. Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.
D. Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time
- In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.
A. faster and briefer
B. slower and more prolonged
C. more accurate
D. more restricted to a small area of the body
E. more intense
B. slower and more prolonged
- Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that
A. are secreted into the external environment where they act.
B. affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues.
C. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction.
D. operate primarily by positive feedback.
C. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction
- Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.
A. frequency-modulated
B. amplitude-modulated
C. pitch-modulated
D. resonance-modulated
B. amplitude-modulated
- An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a
A. neuropathogen.
B. neurotransmitter.
C. neurocrine.
D. neurohormone.
E. neurosynthesizer.
D. neurohormone
- Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins
A. 1, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
E. 1, 2, 4
C. 2, 3, 4
- Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
A. lipid-soluble
B. protein
C. water-soluble
D. amino acid derivative
A. lipid-soluble
- Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?
A. water-soluble
B. amino acid derivative
C. protein
D. lipid-soluble
D. lipid-soluble
- Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol?
A. amino acid derivatives
B. peptides
C. proteins
D. steroids
D. steroids
- Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called
A. saponification.
B. amplitude-modulation.
C. conjugation.
D. protein-binding.
C. conjugation.
- Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?
A. Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues.
B. Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins.
C. Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration.
D. Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins.
E. All of the statements are true.
C. Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration.
- The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine
A. the rate of hormone secretion.
B. the identity of a hormone.
C. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
D. the rate of action of a hormone.
E. the rate of travel through the blood to a target
C. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
- Hormones with short half-lives
A. are usually lipid-soluble.
B. are maintained at relatively constant levels.
C. have concentrations that increase slowly.
D. regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration.
E. regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
E. regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
- Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver
A. its half-life is increased.
B. it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
C. it can be stored for later use.
D. it is actively transported into cells.
E. it is more slowly eliminated from the body.
B. it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
- How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?
A. by signs
B. by the location of the target cells
C. by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
D. by the function of the target cells
E. by the location of the hormones
C. by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
- How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?
A. attached to proteins
B. attached to carbohydrates
C. attached to amino acids
D. as free hormones
D. as free hormones
- Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?
A. acute hormone secretion
B. episodic hormone secretion
C. chronic hormone secretion
D. long-term hormone secretion
C. chronic hormone secretion
- Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?
A. acute hormone secretion
B. episodic hormone secretion
C. long-term hormone secretion
D. chronic hormone secretion
B. episodic hormone secretion
- Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?
A. chronic hormone secretion
B. long-term hormone secretion
C. episodic hormone secretion
D. acute hormone secretion
D. acute hormone secretion
- In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?
A. chronic hormone secretion
B. chronic and acute hormone secretion
C. acute and episodic hormone secretion
D. episodic hormone secretion
E. chronic and episodic hormone secretion
E. chronic and episodic hormone secretion
- Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?
A. can dissolve in the blood as free hormones
B. large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
C. most readily diffuse through capillary walls
D. rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
E. some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life
C. most readily diffuse through capillary walls
- Hormonal secretion can be regulated by
A. the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B. the nervous system.
C. other hormones.
D. All of these choices are correct.
E. None of these choices is correct.
D. All of these choices are correct
- Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.
A. hormonal
B. neural
C. humoral
D. visceral
A. hormonal
- Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.
A. hormonal
B. neural
C. humoral
D. visceral
C. humoral
- Most hormones are regulated by
A. negative-feedback mechanisms.
B. neural-feedback mechanisms.
C. positive-feedback mechanisms.
D. hormonal-feedback mechanisms.
A. negative-feedback mechanisms.
- In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of
A. up-regulation.
B. over-regulation.
C. down-regulation.
D. a lack of regulation.
E. modulation.
C. down-regulation.
- Up-regulation
A. results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell.
B. produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
C. is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors.
D. produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue.
E. moves the receptors up on the membrane.
B. produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
- Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell’s sensitivity to a given hormone.
A. increased in number
B. decreased in number
C. chemically altered
D. moved
E. increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
E. increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
- Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located
A. in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C. in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E. on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
- Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located
A. in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C. in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E. in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.
E. in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.
- Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?
A. ATP
B. calcium
C. M protein
D. G protein
E. DNA
D. G protein
- A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence.
(1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor
A. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
B. 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C. 5, 2, 1, 4, 3
D. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
E. 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
A. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
- The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to
A. bind to and activate protein kinase.
B. activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA.
C. directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
D. catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA.
E. control levels of calcium in the cell.
A. bind to and activate protein kinase.
- When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,
A. membrane channels are destroyed.
B. cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator.
C. the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation.
D. messenger RNA is formed.
E. cellular DNA is altered.
B. cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator.
- When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,
A. ion channels could be opened.
B. IP3 may be activated/
C. cyclic AMP production may be increased.
D. DAG may be activated.
E. All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.
E. All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.
- Phosphodiesterase functions
A. as a membrane-bound receptor molecule.
B. to inactivate cyclic AMP.
C. to attach phosphate groups to enzymes.
D. to combine GTP with cyclic AMP.
E. activates cGMP.
B. to inactivate cyclic AMP.
- Arrange the following events in proper sequence:
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 4, 3, 2
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 1, 3, 2, 4
E. 1, 3, 4, 2
B. 1, 4, 3, 2
- Which of the following events occurs last?
A. IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced.
B. Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell.
C. Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
D. IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Ca2+ binds with calmodulin
C. Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
- When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated
A. a cascade effect.
B. a double loop effect.
C. a protein kinase effect.
D. a cyclic effect.
E. a negative feedback cycle.
A. a cascade effect.
- Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?
A. activation of cyclic AMP
B. activation of mRNA synthesis
C. increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D. opens membrane channels
E. alters membrane permeability
B. activation of mRNA synthesis
- Steroid hormones
A. bind to membrane receptors.
B. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
C. act by activating cAMP.
D. are inactivated by phosphodiesterase.
E. are water soluble
B. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
- Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model:
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
A. 1, 3, 5
B. 1, 3, 4
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 3, 4, 5
E. All events occur in the nucleus.
B. 1, 3, 4
- Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?
A. cGMP
B. cAMP
C. calmodulin
D. phospholipase C
A. cGMP
- What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?
A. activation of cGMP
B. activation of adenylate cyclase
C. direct alteration of intracellular enzymes
D. phosphorylation of intracellular proteins
D. phosphorylation of intracellular proteins
All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except
they cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.
Considering the following events in the nuclear receptor model, identify which of these events occurs in the nucleus.
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm).
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
Arrange the following events in proper sequence:
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone
.(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone
Sympathetic neurons can serve as _________stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.
neural
All of the following are water-soluble hormones except _________.
thyroid hormone
An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a _________.
Neuropeptide
Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?
acute hormone secretion
Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) Nucleic acid derivatives 2) Polypeptides 3) Steroids 4) Proteins
2- polypeptides
3 -steroids
4 -proteins
Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Lipid-soluble
Water-Soluble hormone examples
-growth hormone
-insulin
-thyrotropin-releasing hormone
-thyroid hormone
Reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood
- they cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.
-they are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
-they have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
Blood chemistry changes are examples of _________ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _________ stimuli for hormone release.
humoral; neural
Changes in blood calcium levels affect the secretion of both PTH and calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels but calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels. Calcium is therefore an humoral inhibitor of _________.
calcitonin
Up-regulation
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a/an _________.
intracellular mediator
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system?
Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength.
The hypothalamohypophysial tract carries
neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
A _________hormone stimulates the secretion of other hormones from the target tissues.
tropic
Releasing hormones
increase anterior pituitary secretion.
Which of the following is NOT a function of LH?
Stimulates contraction of the uterus
The connecting stalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the _________.
infundibulum
If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame,
ADH secretion decreases.
The two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the _________.
neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis
Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos?
Thyroid hormone
In the blood,
most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
Which of the following is a target tissue for PTH (parathyroid hormone)?
Kidney
An injection of epinephrine would
increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility.
The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the _________glands
adrenal
High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of _________.
insulin
Which of the following would NOT affect blood glucose levels?
Fat content of a meal
Which of the following helps to keep blood nutrients at normal levels six to eight hours after a meal?
Breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose
Which gland does NOT produce reproductive hormones?
Thyroid
The target tissue for melatonin is the _________.
hypothalamus
Which of the following are NOT an endogenously produced analgesics?
Interleukin-2
Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids?
Lipotropins
Identify the function for which the endocrine system is NOT responsible.
Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear
The posterior pituitary
has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the release of _________.
follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
Chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone as a child would result in _________.
gigantism
Osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus are involved in the secretion of _________.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
Ejection of milk
Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the _________
thyroid gland
Which of the following statements best describes the actions of thyroid hormones?
These hormones interact with intracellular receptors altering protein synthesis.
Cells responsible for the secretion of calcitonin are located
between the follicles and among the cells that make up the follicle of the thyroid gland.
All of the following tissues are targeted by PTH, except _______.
muscle
Which of the following will decrease glucocorticoid secretion by the adrenal cortex?
Increased plasma levels of cortisol
Which of the following statements about epinephrine is true?
Epinephrine increases blood pressure.
Insulin shock occurs when there is
a rapid fall in the blood sugar level.
Which of the following occurs when insulin molecules bind to their receptors on target cells?
Both “Phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells” and “Increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose” are correct.
Increased insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in increased
glycogen synthesis.
Which of the following are released by damaged tissues and function as intercellular autocrine or paracrine signals?
Prostaglandins
All of the following are regulatory functions of the endocrine system except _________
thermoregulation
Regulatory functions of the Endocrine system Examples:
- labor contractions
-development of tissues
-immune functions
-metabolic rate
An increase in ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will cause
the kidney tubules to retain more water.
Anterior pituitary hormones
are all proteins or glycoproteins.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to
increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids.
Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by
neurohormones of the hypothalamus.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes
constriction of blood vessels.
Oxytocin release is stimulated by _________.
nursing a baby
The hypothalamus
regulates the secretory activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Which of the following events occurs last?
Enzymes break down thyroglobulin to release T3 and T4.
Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle?
Spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
allows the kidneys to retain Ca2+.
The glucocorticoids
stimulate gluconeogenesis.
Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion?
Alpha cells - glucagon
The major target tissues of insulin include all of the following, except _________.
brain
Which of the following statements best describes relaxin?
Relaxin is produced by the ovaries and increases the flexibility of connective tissue.
Secretions of the pineal gland
may inhibit reproductive functions.
Compounds released from cells that influence the same cell are called _________.
autocrine chemical messengers
The connecting stalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the _________blank.
infundibulum
All of the following are characteristics of the pituitary gland except
located superior to the hypothalamus.
Characteristics of the Pituitary Gland
-rests in the sphenoid bone.
-secretes several major hormones.
-influences the secretion of other endocrine glands.
-is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Oxytocin is responsible for
causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
The posterior pituitary secretes _________.
neurohormones such as, ADH and oxytocin
Which gland is located in the sella turcica?
Pituitary (hypophysis)
John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are
higher in the winter to increase body temperature.
Adrenal androgens
stimulate growth of pubic hair in females.
The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are _________.
mineralocorticoids
A function of insulin is to
increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
In gluconeogenesis,
glucose is formed from amino acids.
The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland is regulated by
the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight)
Arrange the following in the sequence in which releasing hormones travel through them.
(1) Secondary capillary network
(2) Primary capillary network
(3) Hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
(2) Primary capillary network
(3) Hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels
(1) Secondary capillary network
If GH (growth hormone) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will
probably experience reduced bone growth.
Hormones are released from the posterior pituitary when posterior pituitary cells are stimulated by
action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons.
A function of the hypothalamohypophysial tract is to
carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary, causing the release of oxytocin.
Glucagon primarily influences cells of the ________.
liver
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will increase when
Both “blood osmolality increases” and “blood pressure decreases” are correct.
Which of the following is NOT an action of parathyroid hormone?
Decreases the release of phosphate from bone
High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of ________.
insulin
During exercise, the energy necessary to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from
increased epinephrine and glucagon release.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an autocrine chemical messenger?
Endorphins
Which of the following is NOT a description of acromegaly?
Chronic hypoglycemia
Acromegaly descriptions:
Enlargement of feet, hands and face
No height increase
Broad nose and enlarged tongue
Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by _________.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Which of the following is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
The major thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is _________.
T3
The primary stimulus for release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from _________.
the sympathetic nervous system
When blood sugar levels decrease,When blood sugar levels decrease,
insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases.
What is/are the function(s) of inhibin?
Inhibits secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
Growth hormone
increases amino acid uptake in cells.
All of the following are examples of tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary except
All of the following are examples of tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary except
T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of thyroid follicles as part of the _________ molecule.
thyroglobulin
Overall, PTH (parathyroid hormone) _________ blood phosphate levels.
decreases
Which of these hormones is NOT secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Norepinephrine
A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessively high levels of aldosterone. The high aldosterone levels cause _________.
hypokalemia
Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low
the person is intensely hungry.
What is the function of thymosin?
Development and maturation of the immune system
All of the following are regulatory functions of the endocrine system except _________.
thermoregulation
Which hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Releasing hormones
increase anterior pituitary secretion.
The embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary gland is
nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the _________.
hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
Increased metabolic activity and weight loss are associated with
hyperthyroidism
If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except
increased uptake of glucose to cells.
Hypersecretion of inhibin would result in
decreased FSH secretion and disruption of normal reproductive cycles.
Which of the following statements describes the effect of hormones secreted by the thymus gland?
These hormones stimulate the development of the immune system.
