CH. 16 SS TEST REVIEW

Question 1

Popular Sovereignty – (Know all FIVE parts)

Answer 1

(mid-1800s) idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery.

Question 2

Compromise of 1850

Answer 2

• California would enter the Union as a free state.
• Divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico and Utah (popular sovereignty)
• Ended the slave trade in Washington D.C. (congress would have no power over the slave trade between slave states)
• Strict fugitive slave law.
• Settled border disputes between Texas and New Mexico. (agreed where the border would be)

Question 3

Kansas-Nebraska Act –

Answer 3

Proposed by Senator Stephen Douglas. 1854 – Law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, giving the settlers the right of popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery. Territory stretched from Texan to Canada. President Franklin Pierce and Stephen Douglas helped push through Congress. ** Divided the Louisiana Purchase territory into two parts where they had popular sovereignty. Missouri Compromise was null and void. **

Question 4

“Bleeding Kansas” (Why this nickname?)

Answer 4

The nickname of Kansas because of the guerilla warfare that took place throughout 1856. The violence broke out because of the rivalry between proslavery and antislavery settlers.

Question 5

Border Ruffian

Answer 5

Proslavery bands from Missouri who often battled antislavery forces in Kansas. Proslavery who rode from Missouri to Kansas to battle anti-slavery forces.

Question 6

Republican Party

Answer 6

• When was it formed? 1854 **
• For what reason was it formed? To stop the spread of slavery in the western territories. They joined together because they were too weak to stand on their own.

Question 7

Missouri Compromise

Answer 7

To keep the number of slave states, and free states equal. Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine would enter as a free state. Drew imaginary line through Louisiana purchase territory. North of the line was free, and South of the line was slave.

Question 8

Dred Scott Supreme Court Case

Answer 8

• Dred Scott was enslaved in Missouri for many years.
• He moved with his owner to Illinois and then to Wisconsin where slavery was banned.
• They eventually moved back to Missouri where Scott’s owner died.
• Scott filed a lawsuit and argued that because he had lived in free territory, he had become a free man.

Question 9

• 2 major results *Dred Scott Supreme Court Case)

Answer 9

• Supreme Court stated that Scot could not file a suit because slaves were not citizens (slaves were considered property)
• The Court did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory – The Missouri Compromise, according to the Court, was unconstitutional.
• (This meant slavery was legal in all territories)

Question 10

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 10

• Author – Harriet Beecher Stowe.
• Impact on North – Made them against slavery. Happy. Showed that slavery was a moral evil, very bad.
• Impact on South – Furious. Made them think they looked like monsters.

Question 11

Election of 1856

Answer 11

• Who ran?
  Republican (John C. Fremont) Frontiersman who helped with California’s independence, had little political experience and opposed slavery.
  Democrat (James Buchanan) “Northern man with Southern principles”, hoped to attract people from the Nort and South.
  “Know-Nothing-Party (Millard Fillmore) Wanted to preserve the union (keep our country together)
  The Republicans did win 1/3 of the popular vote. This showed that they had a lot of influence.
  Southerners began to worry that their influence was fading.
  James Buchanan won.

Question 12

Election of 1860

Answer 12

• Who ran?
• Abraham Lincoln – Republican party
• Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrats
• John Breckinridge – Southern Democrats
• John Bell – The Constitutional Union party (moderate—still looking for compromise between the North and South)
• Who won?
• Abraham Lincoln wins the election!!
• Effect on nation
• The South decides to secede from the Union. South Carolina is the first to leave.

Question 13

Fort Sumter

Answer 13

• Who attacked it?
• The Confederates attacked Fort Sumter on April 11, 1861.
• The Union commander, Major Robert Anderson was forced to surrender on April 13, 1861.
• This sparked the beginning of the Civil War!!!
• Location
• Charleston Harbor, South Carolina

Question 14

Underground Railroad:

Answer 14

A system of secret trails and networks that allowed slaves to escape
* Conductor – Someone who led the slaves to freedom.
* Passenger - A runaway slave.
* Station – Places where slaves could hide until reaching the North.

Question 15

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850:

Answer 15

• Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves.
• If anyone lets a fugitive escape….$1,000 fine and jail time.
• Special courts were created to handle cases – NO suspects were allowed a jury trial.
• Northerners were forced to return all fugitive slaves.

Question 16

The “Great Compromiser”

Answer 16

Henry Clay

Question 17

Confederate States of America:

Answer 17

Seven states: South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.
- New president of the Confederacy—Jefferson Davis of Mississippi
- The Confederate troops began to seize federal property in the South. (forts, post offices, government buildings)

Question 18

Southern reaction to Abe Lincoln’s election:

Answer 18

Seven states secede from the Nation.

Question 19

Republican Party goals:

Answer 19

Stop the spread of slavery.

Question 20

Confederate President:

Answer 20

Jefferson Davis.

Question 21

Abe Lincoln

Answer 21

• Personal life – Humble background, honest kind
• Position on slavery – Want to stop the spread of slavery in Western territories.
• Thoughts of secession – Thought it was unconstitutional and illegal.
• # 1 priority as President – Preserving the union. He wants to keep the US intact.

Question 22

John Brown

Answer 22

A violent abolitionist (against slavery) who murdered 5 men in Kansas.

Question 23

Harriet Tubman -

Answer 23

Slave who escaped through the Underground Railroad. Leader.

Question 24

John Calhoun

Answer 24

(South Carolina) Refused to compromise. Spoke for the South concerning slavery (for slavery)

Question 25

Jefferson Davis

Answer 25

Confederate president.

Question 26

Charles Sumner

Answer 26

Abolitionist senator (against slavery) who was beaten for his views.

Question 27

Stephen Douglas

Answer 27

Proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Question 28

“House Divided” speech

Answer 28

About slavery, South scared is that Lincoln will completely ban slavery after becoming President, Will have to decide between pro and anti-slavery.
- “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”