ch 16 spirituality

Question 1

religion

Answer 1

A “map” that outlines essential beliefs, values, and codes of conduct into a manner of living

Many of the world’s religions hold common beliefs.

Question 2

spirituality

Answer 2

A “journey” that takes place over time and involves the accumulation of life experiences and understanding.

An attempt to find meaning, value, and purpose in life

Question 3

The nurse notes on the admission form that the client has indicated “no religious preference.” What does this indicate to the nurse about the client?

Answer 3

Does not follow the tenets of a specific faith.

Even though the client may not follow the rituals and customs ascribed to a certain religion, there are no data to suggest that the client does not believe in God or that he would not want to pray with the chaplain.

Question 4

core issues of spirituality

Answer 4

faith
hope
compassionate love
Cures, miracles, and spiritual healing

Question 5

faith

Answer 5

evolving pattern of believing that grounds and guides us and helps us make sense of the world around us helps us confront the challegenes we face
represents a set of beliefs that develop over time
allows us to be optimistic

Question 6

hope

Answer 6

about having a positive future
dynamic process that reflects a positive orientation towards future outcomes
rooted in purpose (who am i?)

Question 7

compassionate love

Answer 7

can cause great pain that you experience with yourself and with patients
loving others without expecting something back from others
feelings of affection, compassion, caring, and tenderness for others

Question 8

miracle

Answer 8

anything that allows for the presence of the transcendent.
does not necessarily involve cure.
commonly proceed according to natural law.
can have a profound impact on a person’s expectancies.

Question 9

Religious influence on physical and mental health

Answer 9

Research does not always answer how or why religion affects health.

Question 10

what every nurse should know

Answer 10

Gain self-knowledge
Be open
Welcome challenges
Take time to reflect

Question 11

Judaism Sabath

Answer 11

Jews celebrate the Sabbath from sunset on Friday to sunset Saturday evening. For Orthodox Jews, work is prohibited on the Sabbath. This includes writing, traveling, and switching on lights and appliances.

Question 12

Judaism Holidays

Answer 12

During Passover (in March or April), some Jewish patients may require special foods, dinnerware, and utensils.

The Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur (in September or October), is the holiest day of the Jewish calendar. It is a special day of fasting, but fasting is not required if it would be a danger to the patient. A Jewish patient will normally wish to keep that day to pray and rest.

For Orthodox patients, you might offer alternatives to oral medication (e.g., injections or suppositories).

Question 13

Judaism Dietary Practices

Answer 13

Conservative Jews observe strict dietary laws: Only kosher foods are accepted.

Kosher foods have been prepared under strict guidelines concerning how animals are slaughtered and do not contain pork, certain types of seafood, or combinations of dairy and meat.

If possible, consult a rabbi or dietitian who is knowledgeable about Jewish dietary laws for assistance in planning dietary and activity modifications.

Question 14

Judaism Clothing Practices

Answer 14

Orthodox Jewish women prefer to have their bodies and limbs covered. They may also prefer to keep their hair covered with a scarf and often wear a wig.

Orthodox men keep their head covered with a hat or skullcap (kappel).

Question 15

Judaism Medical and Reproductive Practices

Answer 15

Some Orthodox Jewish sects forbid contraception unless the woman’s health is at risk.

Nearly all Jewish boys are circumcised, usually 8 days after birth.

Orthodox Judaism usually forbids organ transplants, but opinions vary and decisions may rest with the rabbinic authority.

Question 16

Christianity Baptism

Answer 16

The baptism of an infant, also known as “christening,” indicates that the child will be raised with Christian values and influences, so when infants or children are very ill, baptism should be offered.

Question 17

Christianity Dietary Practices

Answer 17

usually have no special dietary requirements

some choose to abstain from eating meat on Fridays and/or during Lent and some abstain from alcohol

Others fast (abstain from food) to become closer to God, to pray for blessings, or before receiving Holy Communion.

Question 18

Christianity Health and Reproductive Practices

Answer 18

Perspectives vary on using artificial birth control methods; however, natural family planning methods (e.g., rhythm) are widely accepted.

Question 19

Roman Catholicism Sacraments

Answer 19

Anointing the sick.
A Roman Catholic who is seriously ill might wish to receive the sacrament of anointing the sick, once known as the last rites.

Sacrament of reconciliation (confession).

The Eucharist (communion bread). The Eucharist is consecrated at the mass (a religious service), and may be brought to hospitalized clients by a priest, deacon, or designated lay Eucharistic minister.

Question 20

Christian Science lifestyle and nutrition

Answer 20

advocate proper nutrition, adequate sleep/rest, and avoidance of alcohol and tobacco. Strict believers may not drink tea or coffee.

Question 21

Christian Science health practices

Answer 21

While Christian Scientists do not oppose Western medicine, it is usually not their first choice to promote health and prevent illness.

Parents usually consent to other medical care for their child if doctors consider it essential or the law so requires—but perhaps not for themselves.

Question 22

Christian Science transfusions

Answer 22

Adults will probably not accept a blood transfusion but will usually consent to transfusion for their child.

Question 23

Jehovah’s Witnesses blood transfusion

Answer 23

view as morally wrong. Patients who adhere to this faith would accept death rather than accept blood

Autologous blood transfusions and donation or receipt of an organ through which blood flows are also not permitted.

If blood is not involved (e.g., corneal transplants) then transplantations may be accepted

Question 24

Jehovah’s Witnesses dietary practices

Answer 24

will not eat raw meat, red meat, or meat that has not been bled properly.

Question 25

Jehovah’s Witnesses holidays

Answer 25

do not celebrate birthdays or holidays, except for the anniversary of the death of Christ. This date usually corresponds with the Christian Easter or Jewish Passover.

Question 26

Jehovah’s Witnesses lifestyle

Answer 26

abstain from tobacco and other recreational drugs, they may drink alcohol but do not condone drunkenness.

Question 27

Mormonism clothing

Answer 27

Some Mormons (both men and women) wear a sacred undergarment (temple garments)

The garments are only removed for purposes such as hygiene, elimination, or being intimate in marriage.

Nurses may also remove it before surgery, but it must at all times be considered intensely private and be treated with respect

Question 28

Mormonism death and dying

Answer 28

Many believe in life before and after death; thus, death represents the passage to another life phase

Question 29

Mormonism nutrition and lifestyle

Answer 29

Mormons follow a strict health code, known as the Word of Wisdom, which advises healthful living and prohibits the use of tea, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco.

Question 30

Seventh Day Adventism sacraments

Answer 30

usually practice communion, which begins with a foot-washing ceremony, four times a year

Question 31

Seventh Day Adventism death and dying

Answer 31

Officially against active euthanasia, the church permits a passive form through withdrawal of medical support to allow the patient to die.

Death is akin to sleep and the person is viewed as being in an unconscious state

Question 32

Seventh Day Adventism lifestyle and adornment

Answer 32

avoid alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs, and caffeinated beverages

refrain from body piercing, tattoos, and wearing jewelry.

Question 33

Seventh Day Adventism nutrition and diet

Answer 33

vegetarian diet and avoidance of pork, shellfish, and “unclean” food in adherence to Old Testament kosher laws.

Question 34

Seventh Day Adventism reproductive practices

Answer 34

church is generally antiabortion, in cases of serious dilemmas (e.g., threat to the woman’s life or pregnancy resulting from rape or incest), women are counseled to make their own decisions.

Birth control is permitted for married couples.

Question 35

Islam Blood Transfusion/Transplants

Answer 35

There is no specific religious rule prohibiting blood transfusion or organ transplantation

strict Muslims will not usually agree to organ transplants.

Question 36

Islam Dietary Practices

Answer 36

forbidden to eat pork

They may eat halal meat, that is, killed in a special manner stated in Islamic law

Fish and eggs are allowed, but not if they are cooked near pork or non-halal meat.

Question 37

Islam Holidays

Answer 37

During the month of Ramadan, a Muslim fasts between sunrise and sunset

Those who are sick are not expected to fast.

Essential drugs and medicines are allowed at all hours during Ramadan.

Question 38

Islam Hygiene Practices

Answer 38

always wash their hands before eating and it is customary to eat with the right hand (unless prevented by injury).

Patients prefer to wash in free-flowing water, so if a shower is not available, provide a pitcher to use in the bath.

Question 39

Islam Modesty

Answer 39

Women prefer to be treated by female staff.

Question 40

Islam Religious Symbols

Answer 40

Women may wear a locket containing religious writing around the neck in a small leather bag. These are kept for protection and strength, so you should never remove them.

Question 41

Islam Reproductive Practices

Answer 41

After the birth of a baby, prayers are whispered in the baby’s ear so the first thing heard are words of prayer.

Orthodox Muslims do not approve of contraception, but individuals vary widely in their practices.

Abortion is frowned on but may be tolerated for medical reasons.

Question 42

Buddhism Dietary Practices

Answer 42

Food is an essential component of maintaining spiritual focus, meditation, and interactions with others

Some may follow a vegetarian diet; in some cases, the diet may include both milk and eggs.

Fasting customs vary by tradition.

Question 43

Buddhism reproductive practices

Answer 43

accept contraception but typically condemn abortion and active euthanasia

Question 44

Buddhism transfusions and transplants

Answer 44

usually accept blood transfusion and organ transplantation.

Question 45

Native American Religions Communication

Answer 45

may converse in a low tone of voice and may maintain long periods of silence

Be sure the setting is quiet enough to allow you to hear the patient because it is impolite to indicate that you did not hear the communications.

for some tribes, note taking by the professional is forbidden. Thus, when you take a history or perform an examination, you must rely on your memory and record findings later.

Question 46

Native American Religions Health Practices

Answer 46

consider health as a state of harmony with nature

believe that the treatments they receive from medicine men and women are far better than those rendered by the dominant healthcare establishment, which often treats Native Americans with scorn or disrespect

Question 47

Rastafarianism clothing

Answer 47

The women dress modestly.

Wearing secondhand clothing is taboo, so the patient may be unwilling to wear hospital gowns that have been worn by others.

You may need to provide a disposable gown or allow the person to wear her own personal nightclothes.

Question 48

Rastafarianism dietary

Answer 48

do not eat pork and shellfish

some are completely vegetarian

some do not drink milk or coffee.

Question 49

Rastafarianism health practices

Answer 49

Many prefer alternative therapies (e.g., herbalism, marijuana, or acupuncture)

do not believe in contraception

avoid any treatment that will contaminate the body.

Question 50

Rastafarianism transfusions

Answer 50

Many will accept blood transfusions but may require reassurance about its safety.

Question 51

Atheism

Answer 51

have their own personal moral code that is derived from their value systems, beliefs, and life experiences. They can be spiritual and even religious but focus on the humanistic, secular perspectives

Question 52

barriers to spiritual care

Answer 52

Lack of awareness of spirituality in general

Lack of awareness of your own spiritual belief system

Trying to be all things to all people

Differences in spirituality between nurse and client

Fear that your knowledge base is insufficient

Fear of where spiritual discussions may lead

Question 53

Sources of information about spirituality

Answer 53

Client environment
Client questions
Client’s behaviors, moods, and feelings
Nonverbal communication