Ch, 16 reactions

Question 1

Friedal crafts acylation

Answer 1

-CH3CH2CH2COCl(acyl chloride)/ AlCl3, Acid anhydride/AlCl3

Question 2

-Gatterman-Koch

Answer 2

Reagents: CO,HCl/AlCl3,CuCl3 = (benzaldehyde)
* an industrial process at high pressure

Question 3

Wolff -kishner reduction

Answer 3

Reagents: H2NNH2,KOH/H2O, HEAT

Question 4

Clemmensen reduction

Answer 4

Reagents:Zn(Hg),HCl, (heat)

Question 5

Friedel-crafts alkylation

Answer 5

• involves a alkyl halide except F as the reagent
  -Reagents: alkyl halide, AlCl3

Question 6

Sulfonation

Answer 6

• Reagents: Conc. H2SO4= sulfonic acid
  SO3, H2SO4/oleum
• it is also a reversible reaction
• Desulfonantion
  dilute H2SO4/100 C

Question 7

Nitration

Answer 7

-Reagents:
HNO3, H2SO4=NO2 attached to benzene (NO2 is meta directing)
- Reagents to go from nitrobenzene to aniline
H2/pd/C to reduce and also Fe, HCl/H2O,MeOH

Question 8

Bromination

Answer 8

-Br2, FeBr3

Question 9

Chlorination

Answer 9

-Cl2,AlCl3

Question 10

Fluorination

Answer 10

-Selectfluor tm

Question 11

Iodination

Answer 11

• I2,CuCl2
• you can also use I2,H2O2,H2SO4