Ch. 16 Immunodeficiency

Question 1

Define primary versus secondary diseases

Answer 1

Primary = congenital (present at birth)
Secondary = acquired due to disease, cancer, treatment, or infections

Question 2

All immunodeficiencies are characterized by ____?

Answer 2

Lymphopenia

Question 3

Give 2 clinical examples of immunodeficiencies

Answer 3

1. Isolated deficiency of IgA (GI/respiratory issues due to immature plasma cells)
2. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 4

Name of famous bubble boy? How long did he live?

Answer 4

David Vetter lived 8 years

Question 5

Describe a damaging effect of immune response

Answer 5

Hypersensitivity is a misdirected, out of control immune response that is very damaging

Question 6

What are 2 groups of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 6

1. Immediate (minutes to hours)
2. Delayed-type occur after 18-24 hours (Type IV hypersensitivity reaction)

Question 7

HIV infects which cell type?

Answer 7

CD4 helper T cells, but some cytotoxic T cells express CD4 and get infected by HIV

Question 8

HIV has an affinity for which 2 cell types?

Answer 8

T cells and monocytes/macrophages

Question 9

Initial HIV infection stimulates ___ cells to produce __, allowing most infected people to enter a ___ phase

Answer 9

B cells
antibodies
latent

Question 10

HIV can act as an ___ by inserting itself into host DNA

Answer 10

Oncogene

Question 11

What does popliteal mean?

Answer 11

Behind knee

Question 12

What does inguinal mean?

Answer 12

Just under stomach, by genitals

Question 13

What does hilar mean

Answer 13

Bronchus just before it bifurcates

Question 14

Axillary lymph nodes are found where?

Answer 14

Underarms

Question 15

Cervical lymph nodes are found where?

Answer 15

Neck

Question 16

Which virus is linked to Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

Answer 16

human herpes virus, which acts as an opportunistic pathogen

Question 17

What is an oncogene?

Answer 17

Gene normally found in our cells and is involved in cell division/maturation

Question 18

What is a tumor suppressor gene?

Answer 18

If cells need to stop dividing, this one turns on and acts as a brake

Question 19

List the 4 groups of HIV-infected people

Answer 19

1. Acute illness
2. Asymptomatic infection
3. Generalized lymphadenopathy
4. Other diseases superimposed (co-infection)

Question 20

Which HIV group occurs in 50% of HIV patients?

Answer 20

Acute illness

Question 21

What is lymphadenopathy?

Answer 21

Enlarged lymph nodes