Ch. 16 - Bauhaus &. New Typography

Question 1

Bauhaus

Answer 1

"Construction House"
State home for building
No architecture program in the beginning
Non-conventional ciriculum
'Revitalizing influence on design'
Forward thinking faculty
Removed distinction between fine arts and applied arts
Foundation classes
Sans serif typography
Survives until Nazis take power
Metal furniture from this period was most successful
Magazine for the movement

Question 2

Eric Gill

Answer 2

Graphic Design History
Sculpture and wood cuts
typeface design & lettering
He thought unjustified type was easier to read
Designed roman typeface
Gill Typeface - Gill Sans

Question 3

Isotype

Answer 3

International system of typographic pictures
Attempt to improve literacy
Used to help communicate information
Purpose is to inform the public

Question 4

Herbert Bayer

Answer 4

Bauhaus student, eventually becomes instructor
Hand lettering
typography
5 Principles
1. Sans serif fonts
2. Flush left; rag right
3. Big contrast in type size and weight
4. Bars and rules, squares
5. use of B&W with 1-2 bright hues
"Typography is not self expression, it is a service art"
Rejected roman/traditional typefaces
Said type should be an expression of the time
Universal type in 1925
Said it wasn't necessary to use capitals
Designed a typeface: Bayer Type
Designed currency

Question 5

Herbert Matter

Answer 5

Swiss designer & photographer
Swiss tourist office designer
Massive contrast in sizes of elements on the page, cropping, enlarging, etc.

Question 6

Jan Tschichold

Answer 6

Son of lettering and poster artist in Germany
exposed to Bauhaus
2 significant publications outlining the theory & practice of the New Typography
Did not like Bayer’s universal typeface
No uppercase letters
Rational thinking, no centered typesetting
Thinks sans serifs should be available in wide range
grid systems
Like photography more than illustration
Later years he moves away from his rules

Question 7

Walter Groplus

Answer 7

Modernist Architect
Director of Arts & Crafts school - merges with fine arts school and calls it Bauhaus
Wrote Bauhaus manifesto

Question 8

Wassily Kandinsky

Answer 8

Bauhaus faculty
Painter
Inspired by Russian avant garde

Question 9

Paul Renner

Answer 9

Designed Futura - official typeface of city of Hanover until Nazis took over and banned it
Trained architect
Follows Bauhaus thinking - not part of bauhaus though

Question 10

Piet Zwart

Answer 10

Dutch Designer
Outside of organized groups
Said the more interesting a letter the more useful
Postcard for a flooring firm
Exhibition
De Stijl elements
Dada Elements
Shot photography
Logos
Typotech
Architect who became a graphic designer

Question 11

The New Typography

Answer 11

Created by Jan Tschichold
Grid system
Elementary typography
tried to standardize typesetting
Large differences in weight are better