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Physics 2 > Ch 16 and 17 > Flashcards

Ch 16 and 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

aqueous humor, iris, cornea and lens do what for the eye

A

gather light

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2
Q

what does retina do for the eye

A

converts light to nerve impulses

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3
Q

what does the optic nerve do for the eye

A

transmits nerve impulses to the brain

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4
Q

what focuses the light for the eye

A

cornea

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5
Q

scotopic vision

A

nightvision - rods

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6
Q

photopic vision

A

daylight - cones

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7
Q

what is sensitive to low light and cannot function in bright light

A

rods

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8
Q

what is sensitive to bright light and is responsible for color blindness

A

cones (no cones, no color)

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9
Q

what is responsible for the visibility of greyscale

A

cones

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10
Q

what is the term of whats created whenever the eye perceives a boundary

A

mach effect

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11
Q

whenever a boundary appears more distinct than it really is

A

mach effect

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12
Q

occurs when intensely bright light floods the eye directly

A

veil glare

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13
Q

what is the art of radiography

A

positioning

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14
Q

what is the science of radiography

A

physics

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15
Q

what is radiography missing whenever it comes to an xray being 2d vs 3d

A

depth

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16
Q

how does a tech compensate for the lack of depth in an xray

A

take two xrays of the part - them being at 90 degree angles of the other

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17
Q

reduction in total number of xray photons remaining in the beam

A

attenuation

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18
Q

number of photons stuck in the pt

A

absorption

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19
Q

more attenuation means what in terms of reduction in the beam

A

more reduction

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20
Q

less attenuation means what in terms of reduction in the beam

A

less reduction

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21
Q

air has a higher atomic number than fat so why does it attenuate the beam more

A

fat is denser

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22
Q

What is the order of attenuation of substances in the body - least to greatest

A

air
fat
water
muscle
bone

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23
Q

if the density is lower what does that mean for IR exposure

A

exposure increases since photons can easily pass through

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24
Q

is fat or muscle more dense

A

muscle

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25
Q

greatest tissue density in the body

A

bone

26
Q

if density is high what does it mean for IR exposure

A

exposure decreases since photons get absorbed

27
Q

high contrast is made from low or high kvp

A

low

28
Q

low contrast is made from high or low kvp

A

high

29
Q

high contrast has what kinds of colors

A

whites and blacks

30
Q

low contrast has what kinds of colors

A

many shades of greys

31
Q

examples of distortion

A

foreshortening
elongation
magnification

32
Q

the closer the object is to the image receptor, what happens to the detail of the image

A

better detail

33
Q

misrepresentation of the size or shape of a structure of interest

A

subject distortion

34
Q

medical science concerned with all aspects of disease, including the structural and functional changes caused by disease process

A

pathology

35
Q

diseases that are harder to penetrate are what

A

additives

36
Q

diseases that are easier to penetrate

A

destructives

37
Q

do additives or destructives require an increase in technical factor

A

additives

38
Q

do additives or destructives require an decrease in technical factor

A

destructives

39
Q

a disease that causes the body tissue to increase in thickness, atomic number, and tissue density therefore a greater attenuation of the beam will exist

A

additives

40
Q

diseases that cause the body tissue to decrease in thickness, atomic number, and tissue density therefore less attenuation of the beam will exist

A

destructives

41
Q

if there is an additive disease and you dont increase the technique what will happen

A

the image will be too light

42
Q

if there is a destructive disease and you dont decrease the technique what will happen

A

the image will be too dark

43
Q

what do you increase for additive conditions and by how much

A

KVp
5%-15%

44
Q

what do you decrease for destructive conditions and by how much

A

mas
25%-50%

45
Q

an encapsulated infection increasing the tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs

A

abcess

46
Q

a collapse of the lung resulting in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. tissue density increases.

A

Atelectasis - additive

47
Q

fibrotic changes in the liver causing it to enlarge and ascites can result. normally caused by excessive alcohol intake - increase in liver thickness, sometimes whole abdomen thickens

A

Cirrhosis - additive

48
Q

an increase occurring in bone cell activity, leading to new bone growth - increase bone thickness

A

Paget’s Disease - additive

49
Q

a generalized wasting away of the body tissue -reduced thickness of the body

A

Emaciation - destructive

50
Q

free air in the pleural cavity displacing normal lung tissue and resulting in decreased density within the thoracic cavity

A

Pneumothorax - destructive

51
Q

obstruction in the bowel causes an abnormal amount of air and fluid to accumulate - overall density of the tissue decreases due to build up of air

A

Bowel Obstruction - destructive

52
Q

during the chronic stages of the metabolic condition, areas of the bone destruction result in punched out lesions that reduce bone composition

A

gout - destructive

53
Q

a bone infection that causes loss of bone tissue - decreases bone thickness and composition

A

Active osteomyelitis - destructive

54
Q

defect in the bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix - decreased bone density

A

Osteoporosis - destructive

54
Q

when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or fluid causing lung tissue to be displaced - increases tissue density

A

Pleural Effusions - additive

55
Q

overdistention of the lung tissues by air resulting in lung tissue density to decrease (lung walls thin out and weaken)

A

Emphysema - destructive

56
Q

a increase in lung tissue density caused by COVID

A

COVID Lung - additive

57
Q

a malignant tumor from plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched out osteolytic areas on the bone - reduces bone composition

A

Multiple Myeloma - destructive

58
Q

a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs

A

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - additive

59
Q

when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished - causes an increase in congestion in the lungs, increasing density

A

CHF (congestive heart failure) - additive

Physics 2 (6 decks)

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