Ch 16-8 Anemia Flashcards
Microcytic anemia
Abnormally small RBCs w/increased central pallor
Low MCV (< 80 fL)
MCHC < 32 g/dL
Microcytic anemia primary defect
Lack or reduction of Hgb/Hgb synthesis
What causes microcytic anemia?
Impaired absorption
Inadequate dietary intake
Chronic blood loss
Chronic prod of abnormal RBCs by the BM
Microcytic anemia lab findings
Microcytic hypochromic RBCs
RBCs are abnormally small; central pallor increase
Blood count: low MCV (<80fL) and MCHC (<32 g/dL)
Microcytic anemia diagnostic tests
Iron studies
Serum ferritin
ESR
Hgb electrophoresis
C-reactive protein
Bone marrow analysis
Types of microcytic anemia
Fe deficiency
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic
Chronic inflammation
Normocytic anemia
Lack or reduction of RBCs or their oxygen carrying capacity in the body.
RBCs are prematurely destroyed; survival shortens.
Causes of normocytic anemia
Chronic disease
- Kidney disease; kidney cancer
- Acute blood loss
- Hemolysis
- BM failure
- Vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiencies
Normocytic anemia lab findings
Normal
MCV: 80-100 fL
Peripheral blood smear exam may be important to exam dimorphic populations of RBCs
Normocytic anemia diagnostic tests
Iron studies
Vitamin B12 and folate testing
ESR
CRP
BM analysis
Fecal occult blood testing
Types of normocytic anemia
Hereditary hemolytic
Acquired hemolytic
Hypoproliferative
Acute hemorrhage
Macrocytic anemia
B12 or folate deficiency
Macrocytic anemia causes
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Defective DNA synthesis
Macrocytic anemia lab findings
MCV > 100 fL
Abnormally large RBCs that are typically > 8 mm in diameter
Macrocytic anemia diagnostic tests
Vitamin B12 and folate testing
ESR
CRP
BM analysis
Fecal occult blood testing
