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Microbiology > Ch 16/17 - Immune Response > Flashcards

Ch 16/17 - Immune Response Flashcards

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0
Q

Responsible for the third line of defense

A

Adaptive Immunity

Specific

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1
Q

Responsible for the first and second line of defense

A

Innate Immunity

Nonspecific

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2
Q

3 things which compromise the first line of defense

A
  1. Skin
  2. Mucous membranes
  3. Normal microbiota
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3
Q

4 things which compromise the second line of defense

A
  1. Phagocytes
  2. Inflammation
  3. Fever
  4. Antimicrobial substances
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4
Q

The most common chemical factor in the immune response

A

pH

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5
Q

The phases of Phagocytosis

A
  1. Chemotaxis
  2. Adherence
  3. Ingestion
  4. Digestion
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6
Q

Anything that causes an antibody to be formed and combine with this antibody

A

Antigen

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7
Q

This is made in response to an antigen

A

Antibody

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8
Q

Substance that are tolerated by our immune system

A

Tolerogens

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9
Q

Substance that stimulate the production of specific antibodies

A

Immunogens

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10
Q

Pollen, dander, and food are classified as

A

Allergens

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11
Q

Proteins that are interpreted by an individual’s immune system as “self”

A

Autoantigens

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12
Q

Tissues and organs transplanted between identical twins

A

Isografts

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13
Q

A blood vessels graft is an example of

A

Autograft

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14
Q

MHCs are different and the chance of rejection is increased in

A

Allograft

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15
Q

A pig heart valve into humans is an example of

A

Xenografts

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16
Q

Antibodies are also called

A

Immunoglobulins

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17
Q

The main immunoglobulin in circulation

A

IgG

18
Q

The largest immunoglobulin

A

IgM

19
Q

The immunoglobulin found in secretion

A

IgA

20
Q

The immunoglobulin found on the surface of B cells

A

IgD

21
Q

High levels are found in allergies

A

IgE

22
Q

High ___ and low ___ levels indicate a current infection.

A

IgM and IgE

23
Q

When someone becomes sick with chickenpox and then recovers, the patient now has which immunity?

A

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

24
Q

When someone is given the DPT vaccine, which immunity occurs?

A

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

25
Q

Newborns have which immunity because of maternal antibodies?

A

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

26
Q

When someone receives an immunoglobulin injection, which immunity occurs?

A

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

27
Q

Immunity present at birth

A

Innate Immunity

Nonspecific

28
Q

Immunity that begins when the first and second line of defense is inadequate

A

Adaptive Immunity

Specific

29
Q

Lines the respiratory tract and traps inhaled dust and microorganisms to propel them out of the respiratory tract

A

Ciliary Escalator

30
Q

2 things which compromise the third line of defense

A
  1. T Cells

2. B Cells

31
Q

Places various roles in the immune defense aka WBC

A

Leukocyte

32
Q

Carry O2 to tissues and CO2 out aka RBC

A

Erythrocytes

33
Q

Help form clots aka platelets

A

Thrombocytes

34
Q

Fluid in the blood and contains “clotting factors”

A

Plasma

35
Q

Fluid in the blood and without “clotting factors”

A

Serum

36
Q

Ingestion of microbes or particles are preformed by

A

Phagocytes

37
Q

The process in which phagocytes ingest cells and particles

A

Phagocytosis

38
Q

4 signs and symptoms of inflammation

A
  1. Redness
  2. Pain
  3. Heat
  4. Swelling
39
Q

Technically not part of the first line of defense but provides some protection

A

Normal microbiota

40
Q

Roles of normal microbiota through microbial antagonism

A
  1. Competes for nutrients
  2. Produces substances harmful to pathogens
  3. Alter growing conditions like pH and oxygen availability
41
Q

Transplanted from one site of an individual to another site

A

Autografts

42
Q

Transplants between genetically different individuals

A

Allografts

43
Q

Transplants between different species

A

Xenografts

Microbiology (7 decks)

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