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Microbiology > Ch 14 - Principles of Dx & Epidemology > Flashcards

Ch 14 - Principles of Dx & Epidemology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The study of a disease

A

Pathology

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1
Q

The study of where and when diseases occur

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

The study of the cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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3
Q

Describes a relationship between 2 organisms in which one always benefits

A

Symbiosis

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4
Q

Describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed (at the expense of the other)

A

Parasitism

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5
Q

Describes a relationship in where both organisms benefit

A

Mutualism

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6
Q

Describes competition among microbes

A

Microbial Antagonism

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7
Q

3 ways Normal micobiota protect the host

A

A. Occupying niches
B. Producing acids
C. Producing bacteriocins

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8
Q

Main significance of Koch’s Postulates is

A

Microbes cause diseases

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9
Q

List Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
  2. Pathogen must be isolated from the host and grow in pure culture.
  3. Pathogen from pure culture must cause disease when inoculated a healthy susceptible lab animal.
  4. Pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and show to be the original organism.
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10
Q

List the exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. If the organism CANNOT be grown in the lab on artificial media.
  2. If the disease is causes by more than 1 organism.
  3. If the disease only occurs in humans.
  4. If the organism causes more than one disease.
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11
Q

The stage of a disease

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal period
  3. Period of Illness
  4. Period of Decline
  5. Period of Convalescence
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12
Q

Infection which do not show evidence of being present or incubating at time of admission

A

Nosocomial Infection (HAI)

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13
Q

The most common HAI

A

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

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14
Q

The CDC is located in

A

Atlanta, GA

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15
Q

The retrospective study of data (accumulated over time)

A

Descriptive

16
Q

Looks for common characteristics to establish cause and effect

A

Analytical

17
Q

Starts with hypothesis, followed by experiments and studies to test the hypothesis

A

Experimental

18
Q

3 portals of entry

A

A. Skin
B. Mucous membranes
C. Parental route

19
Q

Colonization of the body by pathogens

A

Infection

20
Q

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

A

Disease

21
Q

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease

A

Pathogen

22
Q

Entrance of normal flora into areas of the body where they are not present under normal conditions

A

Opportunistic pathogens

23
Q

Organism from the outside of the body

A

Exogenous

24
Q

Organism that is already in the body

A

Endogenous

25
Q

May be present for days, weeks, or months in the host

A

Transient microbiota

26
Q

A disease that is spread from one host to another

A

Communicable disease

27
Q

A disease that is easily spread from one host to another

A

Contagious disease

28
Q

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

A

Noncommunicable disease

29
Q

List the 3 reservoirs of infection

A

A. Humans
B. Animals
C. Non living objects

30
Q

3 types of Transmission of Disease

A

A. Contact transmission
B. Vehicle transmission
C. Vector transmission

31
Q

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection

A

Sepsis

32
Q

Bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

33
Q

Growth of bacteria in the blood

A

Septicemia

34
Q

List the methods of epidemiology

A

A. Descriptive
B. Analytical
C. Experimental

35
Q

Incidence of specific notifiable disease

A

Morbidity

36
Q

Deaths from notifiable diseases

A

Mortality

37
Q

List the factors involved in causing HAI

A

A. Microorganism in the hospital environment
B. Compromised status of the host
C. Chain of transmission in the hospital

38
Q

List factors involved in preventing HAI

A

A. Use of aseptic techniques
B. Careful handling of contaminated material
C. Frequent and thorough hand washing
D. Education of staff members on infection control measures
E. Use of isolation rooms and wards

Microbiology (7 decks)

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