Ch. 16, 17, 18

Question 1

Non-specific. All animals have it. Present at birth and present before exposure to pathogens. Recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens, using a small set of receptors. Rapid response.

Answer 1

Innate immunity

Question 2

Specific or acquired. Only vertebrates have it. Not present at birth. Achieved by exposure to antigen. Memory. Slower response.

Answer 2

Adaptive immunity

Question 3

B cells. Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids.

Answer 3

Humoral response

Question 4

T cells. Cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells.

Answer 4

Cell-mediated response

Question 5

Name barrier defenses

Answer 5

Skin, mucous membranes, secretions

Question 6

Name internal defenses

Answer 6

Phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response

Question 7

Primary immunodeficiency

Answer 7

Genetic disorder-boy in bubble

Question 8

Secondary immunodeficiency

Answer 8

Deliberate like an organ transplant

Question 9

Administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing anti-rabies virus antibodies is a standard treatment of animal bite victims. Which type of immunity would be established by this treatment?

Answer 9

Passive humoral immunity

Question 10

Engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

Found throughout the body

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

Stimulate development of adaptive immunity

Answer 12

Dendritic cells

Question 13

A collection of plasma proteins that complement certain immune responses. Cause microbes to burst.

Answer 13

The complement system

Question 14

3 ways complement system helps destroy pathogens

Answer 14

1-enhanced inflammation
2-phagocytosis
3-membrane attack complex

Question 15

What does histamine do?

Answer 15

Inflammatory response. Damaged cells and mast cells release histamine causing capillaries to dilate and become more permeable

Question 16

3 main homeostatic functions of lymphatic system

Answer 16

1-capillaries take + return excess fluid to bloodstream
2-production, maintenance, distribution of lymphocytes
3-absorbs fats from small intestine/transports to bloodstream

Question 17

Site of origin for all types of blood cells; site of maturation for B cells

Answer 17

Red bone marrow

Question 18

Located between trachea and sternum; site of maturation of T cells; shrinks gradually through adulthood

Answer 18

Thymus gland

Question 19

Cleanses blood

Answer 19

Spleen

Question 20

Macrophages cleanse lymph. B and T cells help destroy pathogens

Answer 20

Lymph nodes

Question 21

Patches of lymphatic tissue located around the pharynx. Prevent entry of pathogens through nose and mouth

Answer 21

Tonsils

Question 22

Of the same type and are specific for one antigen. Widely used in research, diagnosis, therapy

Answer 22

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 23

Mark antigen for destruction. Protein produced in response to presence of an antigen

Answer 23

Antibody

Question 24

Destroy antigen bearing cells and cancer cells

Answer 24

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 25

T and B cells. Activate other effector immune cells. Regulate immunity by secreting cytokines

Answer 25

Helper T cells

Question 26

Signaling molecules

Answer 26

Cytokines

Question 27

Turn off an immune response when it is no longer needed. Suppress potentially deleterious activities of helper T cells to protect body against autoimmunity

Answer 27

Regulatory t cells

Question 28

Persist after a successful immune response. Provide protection if the same antigen is encountered again

Answer 28

Memory T cells

Question 29

Any substance that stimulates the immune system to react. Any molecule host does not recognize as self

Answer 29

Antigen

Question 30

What is hybridoma?

Answer 30

Cell line derived by fusion between normal lymphocyte and immortalized lymphocyte tumor line.