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Procedures 3 > Ch 16 & 17 > Flashcards

Ch 16 & 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Expelled from the body by the execratory system. 1-2 L a day produced.

A

Urine

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2
Q

Removes waste products from blood, maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, secretes substances that effect BP & other bodily functions

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Bean shaped

A

Kidney

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4
Q

Which kidney is longer and skinnier

A

Left kidney

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5
Q

Where is the kidney located

A

Retroperitoneum, between T12-L3

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6
Q

Two long tubes going from each kidney to the bladder.

A

Ureters

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7
Q

Musculomembranous sac serving as a reservoir for urine

A

Bladder

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8
Q

How much does a bladder hold

A

500 mL but creates urged to urinate at 250 mL.

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9
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

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10
Q

Where do the ureters meet the bladder

A

Posteriorly and superiorly the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

3 prong - where ureters enter and urethra exits

A

Trigone

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12
Q

Conveys urine out of the body

A

Urethra

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13
Q

How do you check the prostate in radiography

A

Ultrasound

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14
Q

When the bladder is full where does it expand

A

Into the abdominal cavity

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15
Q

Retrograde

A

Bottom to top

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16
Q

Antegrade

A

Top to bottom

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17
Q

Retrograde urography

A

Introducing contrast through catheter into the bladder, examines the lower urinary tract

18
Q

Cystography

A

Bladder exams

19
Q

Cystourethography

A

Exams of the bladder as well as urethra - typically voiding issues

20
Q

IV Urograpyhy

A

Contrast agent introduced through IV. Used to see structure & function of urinary system

21
Q

Hysterosalpinography

A

Contrast administered with uterine cannula. Used to examine the female reproductive organs. - mainly for women trying to conceive with no luck

22
Q

Pathology of urinary tract

A

Calculus/pleblith/kidney stone
Hydronephrosis
Kidney cancer/renal cell carcinoma

23
Q

Complications in urinary system

A

UTI
Contrast reactions
IV hard to insert due to dehydration

24
Q

Prognosis of Urinary System

A

Blast kidney stones = lithotripsy

25
Q

Special considerations for Urinary system

A

GFR/BUN/Creatinine
Allergies to food & meds

26
Q

Kidneys are broken down into 3 macroscopic parts:

A

Renal capsule - outer
Renal cortex - functioning tissue
Renal Medulla - fibrous inner kidney

27
Q

Microscopic parts of kidney

A

Nephrons
Glomerular capsule AKA glomerulus

28
Q

Adrenal glands reside where

A

On top of the kidneys

29
Q

Kidneys are located where in Hypersthenic pts

A

Higher than sthenic pts

30
Q

Kidneys are located where for Asthenic pts

A

Lower than sthenic pts

31
Q

What do the calyx do

A

Collects urine

32
Q

Ionic contrast causes stronger or weaker reactions than non ionic contrast

A

Stronger reactions.

33
Q

What is a flebilith

A

A calculus

34
Q

What is some mild reactions to contrast

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Few hives - more moderate

35
Q

Preparations for contrast

A

NPO 3 hours before exam
Clear liquids the day before

36
Q

Which projections are used for cystogram

A

AP, AP axial (10-15° caudal angle), 45-60° RPO/LPO, lateral

37
Q

AP Axial & LPO/RPO cystogram used to demonstrate

A

reflux into the ureters, obstruction & inflammation of the bladder

38
Q

Lateral cystogram used for

A

Demonstrate possible fistula/tear Between bladder and uterus or rectum

39
Q

Voiding cystourethrography projections

A

Scout, images/Fluoro during urination, post void
AP for females
30° RPO for males
- Watches how much bladder collapses after urination

40
Q

IVU - IV Urography projections

A
  • Scout KUB
  • Timed images to show contrast filling urinary system
  • Postvoid
  • Obliques (25-30° rotation)
41
Q

Ureteric compression used for

A

Constricting flow of contrasted urine into the bladder - placed over distal ends of ureter

42
Q

Retro grade urography projections

A

Scout
Filling of structures from bottom to top

Procedures 3 (5 decks)

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