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Procedures 3 > Ch 13 & 14 > Flashcards

Ch 13 & 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Examination of the soft tissue structures joints after the administration of contrast

A

Arthrography

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2
Q

What types of contrast can be used in arthrogrpahy

A

Radiolucent, radiopaque or both

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3
Q

Which joints are the most common joints for arthrography

A

Shoulders - most common
Knee
Hips
Wrists

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4
Q

Pneumoarthrography

A

Administration of air into the joint as a form of contrast

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5
Q

Opaque Arthrography

A

Using opaque contrast into the joint

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6
Q

Double contrast Arthrography

A

Both air and opaque contrast used

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7
Q

Steps of arthrograms

A
  • numb
  • joint effusion (remove fluid)
  • contrast administration
  • joint manipulation
  • images taken
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8
Q

Shoulder arthrograms used to evaluate:

A
  • tear in rotator cuff or glenoid labrum
  • pain or weakness
  • frozen shoulder
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9
Q

Injection site of shoulder arthrogram

A

1/2 inch below and lateral to Coracoid process

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10
Q

Projections for shoulder arthrogram

A

Ap (internal & external)
Oblique (30° - Grashey)
Axillary (from superior shoulder to armpit)
Tangential (CR to armpit)

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11
Q

Widens knee joint space under investigation

A

Stress device

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12
Q

Projections for knee arthrogram

A

AP
Ap Oblique (20° to right & left both)

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13
Q

What do you always use during fluoroscopy?

A

A Fluoro curtain

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14
Q

In what type of joint is contrast administered for an arthrogram?

A

Synovial joints

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15
Q

When is a hip arthrogram performed?

A
  • To evaluate congenital hip displacement in children
  • detect loose prosthesis in adults
  • confirm infection in adults
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16
Q

Common puncture site for hit arthrogram

A

Three-quarter inch distal to inguinal crease and three-quarter inch lateral to femoral pulse

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17
Q

Can any joint be evaluated by arthrogram?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central nervous system

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19
Q

What is the central nervous system divided into

A

Brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

CNS tissue is composed of two main portions. What are they?

A

Gray matter and white matter. Gray matter is the outer portion or the cortex. white matter is the inner portion.

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21
Q

The brain is divided into three different parts. What are they

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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22
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The largest part of the brain
Also known as the forebrain

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23
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

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24
Q

Stemlike portion that join cerebrum to the pons and cerebellum

A

Midbrain

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25
Q

Cerebellum, pons, & medulla oblongata

A

Hindbrain

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26
Q

Large band of nerve fibers between cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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27
Q

The largest part of the kind from along with pons and medulla oblongata

A

Cerebellum

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28
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2 space

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29
Q

How long is the spinal cord?

A

18-20 inches long

30
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves is the spinal cord connected to?

A

31

31
Q

Where are the spinal nerves transmitted through?

A

That intravertebral and sacral foramina

32
Q

What does cauda equina mean?

A

Refers to the spinal nerves
Translate to the horses tail of the spinal cord

33
Q

Three continuous protective membranes, that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

34
Q

The inner sheath meninge
Highly vascular and closely adhered

A

Pia matter

35
Q

Delicate Central sheath meninges

A

Arachnoid

36
Q

The wide space between arachnoid and pia matter

A

Subarachnoid space

37
Q

Outer most meningeal layer, which is strong and fibrous

A

Dura matter

38
Q

Four fluid containing cavities in the brain

A

Ventricular system

39
Q

What does CSF stand for?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

40
Q

Tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord that surrounds in cushions, the CNS

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

41
Q

Ventricles on each side of the mid sagittal plane in corresponding hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Lateral ventricles

42
Q

A slit like cavity, somewhat quadrilateral in shape that has situated in the mid sagittal plane, just inferior to the lateral ventricles

A

The third ventricle

43
Q

Diamond shaped ventricle and located in the area of the hindbrain.

A

The fourth ventricle

44
Q

Where does CFS exit the fourth ventricle

A

Median and lateral aperture’s

45
Q

What’s another name for ventricles

A

Horns

46
Q

Contrast introduction into the subarachnoid space by spinal puncture

A

Myelography

47
Q

Where is the puncture made for myelogram

A

L2 – L3 or L3 – L4 Innerspace

48
Q

Can you do C-spine myelograms

A

Yes

49
Q

What kind of injections does a myelogram require

A

Intrathecal injections

50
Q

What are contraindications for MRIs?

A

Pacemakers
Metal fusion rods
Aneurysms clips
Pumps
Allergies to gadolinium
Any post surgery less than six weeks

51
Q

What kind of contrast is used for a myelogram

A

Water soluble nonionic iodinated contrast

52
Q

What provides good visualization of nerve roots

A

A myelogram

53
Q

Are you more likely to have a reaction with IV medication’s or drinking contrast

A

IV medication’s

54
Q

What is Trendelenburg?

A

A position where the patient is tilted with their feet in the air in their head, pointing to the floor

55
Q

What is Sims position?

A

A sleeping position
The patient is obliqued with one leg, bent up laying on their stomach

56
Q

What is Fowlers position?

A

A semi seated or seated position with the patient’s legs, bent slightly or straight

57
Q

Can CSF be withdrawn and sent to the laboratory for a myelogram

A

Yes

58
Q

Head is positioned in acute extension after administering contrast to the C-spine, why?

A

To prevent the contrast from entering the ventricular system

59
Q

What happens if the contrast enters the ventricular system

A

The patient gets a very bad headache

60
Q

What can a lumbar puncture be used to diagnose?

A
  • Infections like meningitis
  • Demyelinating disease is like multiple sclerosis
  • bleeding
  • measurement of brain and spinal cord pressure
  • Injections of medication’s like epidurals
  • Blood patch
61
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

CSF leak in the brain

62
Q

What should you do Post procedural for a myelogram

A

Head and shoulders elevated 30 to 45°
Bedrest for several hours
Drink fluids
Check puncture site before release

63
Q

What is the vertebral plasty, kyphoplasty, and mesh container plasty?

A

Placing cement into the vertebral bodies

64
Q

What is the difference between a vertebral plasty and kyphoplasty?

A

A balloon is used to expand the compressed vertebral body before cement is placed in a kyphoplasty

65
Q

Which plasty uses a bone expansion brace in a mesh container to administer cement into a vertebral body

A

Mesh container plasty

66
Q

Which plasty is used to fix hunchback deformities

A

Kyphoplasty

67
Q

A small quantity of water soluble nonionic, Iodinated media is injected into the center of a vertebral disc

A

Diskography

68
Q

What can diskography investigate?

A

Internal desk lesions, such as rupture of the nucleus pulposus, which cannot be shown by any other imaging procedure

69
Q

Corticosteroids and local anesthetics are used to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in what

A

Pain management

70
Q

Fibrocartilage supporting structure of the glenoid cavity

A

Labrum

Procedures 3 (5 decks)

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