Ch 15.2; Hormones that affect blood sugar

Question 1

islets of Langerhans

Answer 1

hormone-producing cells of the pancreas; part of the endocrine system. contain beta and alpha cells that produce insulin and glucagon

Question 2

glucagon

Answer 2

produced by pancreas; when blood sugar levels are low, glucagon promotes conversion glycogen to glucose. Released from alpha cells to raise blood sugars

Question 3

two main hormones that help regulate blood sugar

Answer 3

insulin and glucagon

Question 4

insulin

Answer 4

released from beta cells to lower blood sugars. other organs become permeable to glucose. Promotes conversion of glucose to glycol

Question 5

diabetes

Answer 5

chronic disease in which the body cannot produce any or enough insulin, or is unable to properly use insulin made

Question 6

hyperglycemia

Answer 6

high blood sugars; kidneys unable to reabsorb blood glucose filtered through so glucose appears in urine. Pee lots and often thirsty

Question 7

What may be produced in someone with diabetes due to cells switching to other energy sources?

Answer 7

Acetone; intermediate product of excessive fat metabolism

Question 8

type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

pancreas is unable to produce insulin b/c of early degeneration of beta cells in islets of Langerhans. diagnosed in childhoos

Question 9

type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

decreased insulin production, or ineffective use of what is made. Diagnosed in adulthood, usually occurs because of lifestyle.

Question 10

type 3 diabetes

Answer 10

gestational diabetes, in pregnancies, increases risk of type 2 for mother and child.

Question 11

adrenal medulla

Answer 11

core of adrenal gland; produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. regulated by nervous system. regulates short term stress response

Question 12

adrenal cortex

Answer 12

outer region of adrenal gland; produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. regulated by hormones

Question 13

norepinephrine

Answer 13

aka noradrenaline; initiates the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate and blood sugar

Question 14

glucocorticoids

Answer 14

any of the steroids produced by the adrenal cortex that help to regulate electrolyte and water balance. associated with blood sugar levels

Question 15

mineralocorticoids

Answer 15

any of the steroids produced by adrenal cortex that regulate carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism and inhibit the release of corticotrophin.

Question 16

sex hormones

Answer 16

any hormone that affects the development and growth of sex hormones

Question 17

cortisol

Answer 17

important glucocorticoid; stimulates the conversion of amino acids to glucose by the liver to help body recover from stress

Question 18

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 18

pituitary hormone that promotes cortisol release by the adrenal cortex; also called corticotropin.

Question 19

tropic hormone

Answer 19

hormone that stimulates a specific target gland to secrete other hormones

Question 20

aldosterone

Answer 20

produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate water balance by increasing sodium retention and water reabsorption by the kidneys