Ch 15.1; homeostasis, hormones, endocrine system

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

constant internal environment is maintained despite changes in external environment.

Question 2

homeostatic control system

Answer 2

receptor, coordinating centre, effector

Question 3

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 3

a state of stability within fluctuating limits

Question 4

negative feedback

Answer 4

activated to restore conditions to their original state (counteracts changes)

Question 5

positive feedback

Answer 5

process by which a small effect is amplified

Question 6

hormones

Answer 6

chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body. serve as regulators

Question 7

endocrine hormones

Answer 7

chemicals secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood; carried by circulatory system

Question 8

non-targeted hormone

Answer 8

affects many cells or tissues throughout the body; eg. insulin, hGH, epinephrine

Question 9

targeted hormone

Answer 9

affects specific cells or tissues only; eg. gastrin in stomach

Question 10

insulin

Answer 10

produced by islets of Langerhans in pancreas; increases permeability of cells to glucose and converts glucose to glycogen

Question 11

human growth hormone (hGH)

Answer 11

produced by pituitary gland and stimulates growth of body; also known as somatotropin

Question 12

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 12

produced in adrenal medulla; accelerates heart rate and body reactions during a crisis (fight-or-flight)

Question 13

endocrine system

Answer 13

provides integration and control of organs and tissues to maintain homeostasis. Maintains control over longer durations

Question 14

water soluble hormone

Answer 14

act from outside the cell by binding to receptors on cell membrane to activate enzymes inside; eg. peptide, proteins

Question 15

fat-soluble hormone (steroids)

Answer 15

act from inside cell by diffusing in and binding with receptors within cytoplasm and signals to produce a protein.

Question 16

pituitary gland

Answer 16

“master gland”; produces and stores hormones. gland at base of brain that, with hypothalamus, is the control centre, coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems.

Question 17

releasing hormone

Answer 17

peptide produced by hypothalamus that stimulated the anterior P.G to release a stored hormone.

Question 18

posterior gland

Answer 18

Stores and releases hormones that have been synthesized by hypothalamus. Stores oxytocin and ADH

Question 19

anterior lobe

Answer 19

synthesizes its own hormones.

Question 20

inhibiting factor

Answer 20

chemical that inhibits production of a hormone by the anterior pituitary gland