Ch 15 vocab Flashcards
Lysosomes
degrade two things
1. worn-out organelles
2. particles from endocytosis
Endosomes
organelles that filter endocytosis material
recycles to plasma membrane
or sent to lysosomes for further degradation
Golgi apparatus
packages proteins before delivery to other organelles
-recieves lipids/proteins form the ER
ER
where synthsis of new membrane occurs
: sends lipids/proteins to Golgi to be modiifed
Rough ER
ribosomes attached to cytosolic surface to synthesize protein
Smooth ER
stores calcium from cystosol
synthesizes steroid hormones
Ca2+
universal signaliing molecule
Release
Hormone triggers release of Ca2+ from ER to cytosol
Uptake
Once signal or action is complete Ca2+ pumped back into ER to stop signal
: ATP Dependent- moves against ion gradient
Mitochondria
pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosproyation
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis
Peroxisomes
breaks down toxic molecules
ex: Liver
product- hydrogen peroxide
Organelles that contain DNA
mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus
Endomembrane systems
ER, Golgi, peroxisomes, endosomes,
lysosomes
Nuclear membrane, and ER
evolved form invagination of plasma membrane around DNA
- This invagination created a double membrane that envelops the DNA, effectively segregating it from the rest of the cell. This separation is critical as it allows more complex regulation of gene expression and DNA replication.
