Ch. 15 - Viral Infections of Skin

Question 1

HSV 1 - Herpes Simplex Labia

Answer 1

Cold sores, fever blisters

Contagious

Primary infection - lips

Latent - trigeminal nerve (sensory ganglia)

Recurrence - move back to epithelium–> stressful triggers

Question 2

Herpes Keratitis

Answer 2

HSV 1 in eye

Cause scarring of cornea –> blindness

Immunocompromised (HIV+) prone

Question 3

HSV 2 - Herpes Simplex Genital

Answer 3

Genital herpes

Itching, blisters in genital area

No cure - antiviral ACYCLOVIR - to shorten and decrease # outbreaks

Acyclovir - base analog of DNA –> chain terminator

Question 4

Neonatal herpes

Answer 4

From mom with HSV 2

Mental development delayed

Blindness, seizures

C section required

Question 5

Varicella (VZV)

Answer 5

Chickenpox

Highly communicable - transmission via respiratory droplets or skin contact

Rash into infectious virus laden fluid

Spots at different stages of development (unlike smallpox)

Dormant in dorsal root ganglia–>reappear as shingles

Vaccine (1995): Varivax - attenuated virus

Question 6

Zoster (VZV)

Answer 6

Shingles

Travel from dorsal root ganglia to body trunk – one side only

Blisters

Can reoccur repeatedly

Facial paralysis, pain

Postherpetic neuralgia - shingles pain years after blisters have disappeared

Vaccine - Zostavax - attenuated

Question 7

Roseola - HHV6

Answer 7

Infants

High fever, rash

Transmission via contact with respiratory secretions or saliva

Question 8

Epstein Barr (EBV)

Answer 8

Oncogenes - Burkitt’s lymphoma (nasopharyngeal cancer)

Infectious mononucleosis

Question 9

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (HHV 8 )

Answer 9

Oncogenes - tumor of blood vessel walls

Immunocompromised - AIDS –> opportunistic disease

Dark, purple lesions

Question 10

Herpes viruses - general

Answer 10

Viral disease of the skin

Primary, latent, recurrent

Infect several types of epithelial cells and neural tissue –> cause a variety of skin and related issues

1. Herpes Simplex (HSV 1, HSV 2)
2. Varicella, Zoster (VZV)
3. Roseola (HHV6)
4. Epstein-Barr (EBV)
5. Kaposi’s Sarcoma (HHV8)

Question 11

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Answer 11

Common warts (HPV 1 - HPV 4)

• benign skin growths
• plantar warts
• transmitted via contact or contaminate object

Genital Warts (Condylomata)

• HPV 6, HPV 11
• transmitted via sexual contact
• bumpy appearance
• no cure
• transmitted to newborns during delivery

Cervical Cancer
-HPV 16, HPV 18

Question 12

Gardasil

Answer 12

Quadrivalent:
HPV 6, HPV 11 - Genital warts
HPV 16, HPV 18 - Cervical cancer

Men/Women: 9-26 years

Question 13

Measles (Rubeola)

Answer 13

Contagious

Transmission via respiratory droplets

Koplik spots along gum line, near molars

Characteristic red rash - begin at hairline, spread to face/trunk/extremeties

Question 14

Mumps (infectious parotitis)

Answer 14

Enlarged jaw - swollen salivary glands; blockage of ducts from parotid gland

Males: orchids (swelling of testes)

Transmission via respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated objects

Question 15

Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 15

Acute, mildly infections

Transmission via respiratory droplets

Symptoms: fever, pink rash –> face to trunk spread

Recover, possible relapse

Congenital Rubella - most dangerous first trimester

• eye, ear, heart problems
• Gene Tierney –> deaf daughter

Question 16

Smallpox (variola)

Answer 16

Contagious
Pink macules –> fluid-filled vesicles

Vesicles –> pustules–>break open, emit pus –> leave pitted scars (pocks)

No more vaccination after 1972 –> WHO smallpox dead 1980

Bioterrorism agent–> dangerous, no one immunized post 1972