Ch. 13 - Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 1

Inflammation of uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes

Pouches and adhesions

Question 2

Bacterial vaginosis

Answer 2

Caused by indigenous bacteria of vagina

Switch from dominance of lactobacillus to others

Common vaginal infection

Question 3

Gonorrhea (the clap!)

Answer 3

Neisseria gonorrheae

Gram negative diplococcus

Major virulence factor - pili –> attach to host epithelial cells

Characteristic double bean shape

Gonococcal urethritis plus non-urogenital organs

Neonatal conjunctivitis –> gonococcal opthalmia –>through birth canal

Symptoms: painful urination, discharge (thick, viscous), salpingitis

Treatment: ceftriaxone

Question 4

Gonorrhea - female

Answer 4

Salpingitis - blocked and inflamed Fallopian tubes

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Ectopic pregnancy

Possible sterility

Often asymptomatic

Question 5

Chlamydia urethritis

Answer 5

Chlamydia trachornatis - gram negative rod, obligate intracellular parasite (in WBC)

Biphasic life cycle: non-replicating extracellular infectious body; replicating intracellular non-infectious body

Non gonococcal urethritis (NGU)

85-90% people asymptomatic –> Silent Disease

Symptoms: painful urination, watery discharge, salpingitis

Treatment: doxycycline, erythromycin

Question 6

Chlamydia - females

Answer 6

Asymptomatic until salpingitis

Untreated leads to PID

Increased danger of infertility or ectopic pregnancy

Question 7

Chlamydia - males

Answer 7

Painful urination

Watery discharge

Inflammation of epididymis –> sterility

Question 8

Syphilis (the great pox)

Answer 8

Treponema palladium - gram negative spirochete (humans only host)

Penetrate skin surface via wound, abrasion, hair follicle (via flagella)
Lack of outer membrane proteins - invisible to immune system

Symptoms: chancre (primary), skin lesions, Gumma (tertiary)

Treatment: penicillin –> early stages (primary or secondary)

Question 9

Primary Syphilis

Answer 9

Chancre (hard) where bacteria entered body

Painless, circular, purple ulcer

Hard borders

Question 10

Secondary Syphilis

Answer 10

The great imitator – variety of physical symptoms

Spirochete so spread through body and lymph to other organs

Fever, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes

Latent state –> 3-30yrs later; relapse of secondary syphilis

Question 11

Tertiary Syphilis

Answer 11

Chronic

Formation of gummas cause:

• bursting of blood vessels
• degeneration of spinal tissue
• brain damage –> changes in personality

Question 12

Congenital Syphilis

Answer 12

In fetus - cross placental barrier after 4th mo.

Lead to stillbirth

Birth defects: Hutchinson’s Triad (deafness, blindness, notched teeth)

Question 13

Chranchoid

Answer 13

Haemophilus ducreyi - Gram negative rod

Soft chancre - painful, genital ulcers; soft borders; forms at entry site

Fills with pus - open wound – transmission via contact
More susceptible to other STDs, AIDS

Symptoms: soft chancre, erythema, swollen inguinal lymph nodes

Treatment: azithromycin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone

Men - lesions on penis painful
Women - lesions on labia, clitoros unnoticed

Disappear 10-14 days without treatment

Question 14

Gonorrhea - males

Answer 14

Painful urination

Penile discharge - thick, viscous

Swollen groin lymph nodes –> painful testes

Infertility - infection in epididymis

Question 15

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 15

Kidney, bladder, ureter = sterile

Urethra = indigenous microbiota (shorter in women, more common ascending into bladder)

E. Coli primary cause

Urethritis - inflammation of urethra; pus, painful urination

Cystitis - infection of bladder

Pyelonephritis - kidney infection; lower back pain

Prostitis - prostate infection; increased urination, fever, chills

Treatment: sulfa drugs, Bactrin (combo of sulfa drugs)