CH. 15 Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia causes disturbances in

A

Thought Processes
Perception
Affect

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2
Q

Psychosis

A

severe mental condition in which there is disorganization of the personality, deterioration in social function, and loss of contact with, or distortion of, reality.

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3
Q

Schizophrenia translates to

A

split mind

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4
Q

Phases of Schizophrenia

A

Premorbid
Prodromal
Schizophrenia
Residual

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5
Q

Phase I: Premorbid Phase

A
Social maladjustment
Antagonistic thoughts and behavior
Shy and withdrawn
Poor peer relationships
Doing poorly in school
Antisocial behavior
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6
Q

Phase II: Prodromal

A

Lasts from a few weeks to a few years
Deterioration in role functioning and social withdrawal
Substantial functional impairment
Sleep disturbance, anxiety, irritability
Depressed mood, poor concentration, fatigue
Perceptual abnormalities, ideas of reference, and suspiciousness herald onset of psychosis

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7
Q

Phase III: Schizophrenia

A

In the active phase of the disorder, psychotic symptoms are prominent.

Delusions
Hallucinations
Impairment in work, social relations, and self-care

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8
Q

Phase IV: Residual

A

Symptoms similar to those of the prodromal phase.

Flat affect and impairment in role functioning are prominent.

get them bak to their pre-psychotic phase

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9
Q

Delusion

A

false belief

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10
Q

Prognosis of Schizophrenia

A

a return to full premorbid functioning is not common

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11
Q

factors of a positive prognosis of schizophrenia

A
old age
female
abrupt onset of stressful event
family history
Hallucinations under controll
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12
Q

biochemical influence of schizophrenia

A

excess of dopamine

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13
Q

Schizophrenia is a chemical imbalance in the brain that

A

alters perception of reality

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14
Q

Schizophrenia requires treatment that is

A

comprehensive and presented in a multidisciplinary effort.

long term

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15
Q

Of all mental illnesses, schizophrenia probably causes more

A

Lengthy hospitalizations
Chaos in family life
Exorbitant costs to people and governments
Fears

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16
Q

Delusional disorder

A

The existence of prominent, nonbizarre delusions

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17
Q

Erotomanic type

A

The individual believes that someone, usually of a higher status, is in love with him or her

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18
Q

Grandiose Type

A

You think you have friends + yourself in high places

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19
Q

Jealous Type

A

you think your partner is unfaithful

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20
Q

Persecutory Type

A

individuals believe they are being persecuted or malevolently treated in some way. Frequent themes include being plotted against, cheated or defrauded, followed and spied on, poisoned, or drugged

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21
Q

Somatic Type

A

believe they have some type of general medical condition.

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22
Q

Mixed Type

A

no single theme is predominant.

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23
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

Lasts at least a day but lasts less than 1 month

sudden onset of symptoms

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24
Q

Substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

The presence of prominent hallucinations and delusions that are judged to be directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal

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25
Q

Psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition

A

Prominent hallucinations and delusions are directly attributable to a general medical condition.

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26
Q

catatonic disorder

A

Stupor and muscle rigidity or excessive, purposeless motor activity

Waxy flexibility, negativism, echolalia, echopraxia

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27
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

same symptoms as schizophrenia but duration of at least 1 month but less than 6 months

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28
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

associated with the mood disorders either mania or depression

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29
Q

Positive symptoms

A

tend to reflect an alteration or distortion of normal mental functions. Positive symptoms are associated with normal brain structures on computed tomography scan and relatively good responses to treatment.

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30
Q

Content of thought (positive symptoms )

A

Delusions
Religiosity
Paranoia
Magical thinking

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31
Q

delusions

A

False personal beliefs

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32
Q

religiosity

A

Excessive demonstration of obsession with religious ideas and behavior

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33
Q

paranoia

A

Extreme suspiciousness of others

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34
Q

magical thinking

A

Ideas that one’s thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations

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35
Q

Form of Thought (positive symptoms)

A
loose association
Neologisms
Concrete Thinking
Clang Associations
Word Salad
Circumstantiality
Tangentiality
Mutism
Perseverstion
36
Q

Loose association

A

Shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another

37
Q

Neologisms

A

Made-up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them

ex: fluffer

38
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Literal interpretations of the environment

39
Q

Clang Associations

A

choice of words is governed by sound (often rhyming)

ex: crack, yack, zack, mack

40
Q

Word Salad

A

Group of words put together in a random fashion

41
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Delay in reaching the point of a communication because of unnecessary and tedious details

42
Q

Tangentiality

A

Inability to get to the point of communication due to introduction of many new topics

43
Q

Mutism

A

Inability or refusal to speak

44
Q

Perseveration

A

Persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

45
Q

Perception

A

interpretation of stimuli through the senses

46
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli

auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory

47
Q

Illusions

A

Misperceptions of real external stimuli

48
Q

Sense of self

A

The uniqueness and individuality a person feels

49
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating words that are heard

50
Q

Echopraxia

A

Repeating movements that are observed

51
Q

Identification and imitation

A

Taking on the form of behavior one observes in another

52
Q

Depersonalization

A

Feelings of unreality

53
Q

Perception (positive symptoms)

A

hallucinations

illusions

54
Q

Sense of Self (positive symptoms)

A

echolalia
echopraxia
identification and imitation
depersonalization

55
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions

56
Q

Affect(positive symptoms)

A

The feeling state or emotional tone

Inappropriate affect
Bland
Flat
Apathy

57
Q

Inappropriate affect

A

Emotions are incongruent with the circumstances

58
Q

Bland

A

Weak emotional tone

59
Q

Flat

A

Appears to be void of emotional tone

60
Q

Apathy

A

Disinterest in the environment

61
Q

Volition(Negative symptoms)

A

Impairment in the ability to initiate goal-directed activity

Emotional ambivalence
Deterioration in Appearance

62
Q

Emotional ambivalence

A

Coexistence of opposite emotions toward same object, person, or situation

63
Q

Deterioration in appearance

A

Impaired personal grooming and self-care activities

64
Q

Impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world
(negative symptom)

A

Impaired social interaction

Social isolation

65
Q

Social isolation

A

A focus inward on the self to the exclusion of the external environment

66
Q

Impaired social interaction

A

Clinging and intruding on the personal space of others, exhibiting behaviors that are not culturally and socially acceptable

67
Q

Psychomotor behavior

negative symptoms

A

Anergia
Waxy flexibility
Posturing
Pacing and rocking

68
Q

Anergia

A

Deficiency of energy

69
Q

Waxy flexibility

A

Passive yielding of all movable parts of the body to any effort made at placing them in certain positions

70
Q

Posturing

A

voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures

71
Q

Pacing and rocking

A

Pacing back and forth and rocking the body

72
Q

Associated features (negative symptoms)

A

Anhedonia

Regression

73
Q

Anhedonia

A

Inability to experience pleasure

74
Q

Regression

A

Retreat to an earlier level of development

75
Q

Nursing diagnosis/outcome

A

Disturbed Sensory Perception (auditory and visual) related to panic anxiety, extreme loneliness, and withdrawal into self

Risk for Violence: Self-directed or Other-directed related to

76
Q

Nursing diagnosis/outcome

A

Disturbed Thought Processes related to inability to trust, panic anxiety, or possible hereditary or biochemical factors

Impaired Verbal Communication and self care deficit related to
Panic anxiety
Regression
Withdrawal

77
Q

Nursing diagnosis/outcome

A

Social Isolation related to inability to trust, panic anxiety, weak ego development, delusional thinking, regression

78
Q

outcomes for the client

A
Recognizes distortions of reality
Has not harmed self or others
Perceives self realistically
Maintains anxiety at a manageable level
Performs self-care activities independently
79
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Used to decrease agitation and psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

80
Q

Typical Antipsychotics

A

Dopamine Blockers
Cholinergic
a-Adrenergic
Histaminic Receptors

USED TO TREAT POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

81
Q

Antipsychotic Side Effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit

nausea, rash, orthostatic hypotension

82
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

USED TO TREAT NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

83
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include

A
Pseudoparkinsonism
Akinesia
Akathisia 
Dystonia
Oculogyric crisis
84
Q

Antiparkinsonian agents may be prescribed to counteract

A

EPS.

85
Q

FALTER

Neuroleptic Syndrome

A
FEVER
ARMS 
LUEKOCYTOSIS
TREMORS
ELEVATED CPK
RIGIDITY