Ch. 15 Protists Flashcards
Heteroknots
group of flagellated, mostly algae/diatom species
Photoplankton (phytoplankton)
photosynthetic algae+cyanobacteria found near the surface of the ocean
Zooplankton
microscopic animals that swim or drift near the ocean surface, feed on phytoplankton
Euglenoids
biflagellate, mvmt towards flagellum, contain chloroplasts, 1/3 photosynthetic
Storage: paramylon
Pigments: a, b, carotenoids
Pellicle
protein strips in spiral surrounding cell (beneath membrane)
Eyespot (stigma)
(protists) detect light for optimal photosynthesis, move towards light
Phylum Cryptophyta (cryptomonads)
cold water, 4 membranes surrounding chloroplast w/ nucleomorph
Pigments: phycobilins
Phylum Haptophyta:
Haptophytes
marine phytoplankton; have haptonema and coccoliths
Pigments: fucoxanthin
Haptonema
Extension protruding from coccolithophores that may have to do with feeding or protection.
Coccoliths
calcium carbonate button like structures on members of phylum haptophyta
Dinoflagellates
plant-like protist that causes red tide and bioluminescence
biflagellate (spin like top), contain theca
Symbiote in zooxanthellae in coral
Storage: starch
Pigments: a, b, carotenoid peridinin
Class Bacillariophyceae:
frustules like petri dish; 2 types centric (radially sym) and pennate (bi-lateral sym), make up diatomaceous earth
Storage: chrysolaminarin
Pigments: a, b, carotenoids, fucoxanthin
Class Chyrsophyceae: Golden Algae
freshwater photosynthetic organisms
Storage: chrysolaminarin
Pigments: fucoxanthin
Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae)
fresh water, non motile, cell walls have cellulose
Storage: oil
Pigments: a, c
Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae)
big kelps! cold marine shores, contain holdfast, stipe, blade, floats, source of algin
Storage: laminarin, mannitol
Pigments: a, c, fucoxanthin
Phylum Rhodophyta: Red Algae
tropical marine seaweeds, nori
cell walls contain agar and carrageenans, can store CaCO3
Storage: floridean starch
Pigments: phycobilin
Phylum Chlorophyta: Green Algae
mostly freshwater, unicellular or multicellular colonial sheets or spheres
most closely related to plants
Storage: starch
Pigments: chlorophyll a+b
Green Algae: Class
Chlorophyceae
mitotic spindle replaced by microtubules of phycoplast (microtubule part of cytokinesis)
Contains: Chlamydomonas, volvox, hydrodictyon
Green Algae: Class Ulvophyceae
spindle persists during mitosis
Contains: ulva, codium
Green Algae: Class Charophyceae
persistent spindle but forms phragmoplast (microtubule scaffold for late cytokinesis); closest related to plants
Contains: spirogyra, desmids, coleochaetes, chara
Chlamydomonas
(Chlorophyceae)
freshwater, unicellular, motile, contains eyespot, nucleus, 2 flagella, large crescent chloroplast w/ pyrenoid
Volvox
(Chlorophyceae)
motile, fresh water hollow sphere colony with daughter colonies; each cell is biflagellate, like Chlamydomonas
Hydrodictyon
(cholophyceae)
AKA water net, hollow cylinders with reticulate chloroplasts
Ulva (sea lettuce)
(Ulvophyceae)
nonmotile, multicellular flat thallus w/ modified ‘holdfast’
Codium
(Ulvophyceae)
rope-like branched filaments
Spirogyra
(Charohyceae)
colonial filaments; spiraling chloroplast with pyrenoids, nucleus and cellulose cell walls
Desmids
(Chlorophyta)
fresh water, 2 sections each form crazy shapes
Coleochaetes
(Charophyceae)
disc shaped multicellular with plasmodesmata
Chara
(Charophyceae)
fresh water, apical growth thallus with nodes and whorls of branches
Oomycota (oomycetes)
Either “water molds” growing as mass of filaments (aka saprolgenia) or terrestrial plan pathogens (potato blight)
Saprolegnia
Water Molds: not a fungus but looks and behaves like one
Myxomycota (plasmodial slime molds)
exists in two forms:
Plasmodium (favorable) and sporangia (unfavorable)
Plasmodium
(favorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds) multinucleate mass of protoplasm
Sporangia
(unfavorable conditions form of plasmodial slime molds)
produce spores
Dictyosteliomycota (cellular slime molds)
exists in two forms:
myxamoebas (favorable) and pseudoplasmodium (unfavorable)
Myxamoebas
An independent, unicellular, haploid life stage of cellular slime molds.
pseudoplasmodium
a slightly motile aggregation of cells (slug) that produces fruiting bodies, which in turn produce spores; cells aggregate via AMP hormone
