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Chapter 15: Special Senses > Ch. 15 med terms definition format > Flashcards

Ch. 15 med terms definition format Flashcards

1
Q

ametropia

A

error of refraction-exists when light rays fail to focus sharply on the retina

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2
Q

hyperopia, hypermetropia

A

farsightedness

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3
Q

presbyopia

A

a form of farsightednessdefect associated with agingdistant objects are seen clearly, but near objects are not in proper focus

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4
Q

astigmatism (Ast)

A

the cornea or lens has a defective curvature

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5
Q

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

A

procedure that changes the shape of the cornea

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6
Q

myopia

A

if eyeball is too long and the image falls in front of the retina causing near-sightedness

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7
Q

cataracts

A

opacities that form on the lens and impair vision

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8
Q

phacoemulsification

A

treatment for cataracts that is removal of the clouded lens by emulsifying it using ultrasound or a laser probe

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9
Q

small incision cataract surgery (SICS)

A

method where cataract is broken into very small particles that can be removed through the tiny incision

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10
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased IOP caused by the failure of aqueous humor to drain from the eye through a tiny duct called the canal of Schlemm

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11
Q

chronic form of glaucoma (also known as open-angle, simple, wide-angle glaucoma)

A

gradual loss of peripheral vision over a period of years

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12
Q

acute form of glaucoma (also known as angle-closure or narrow- angle glaucoma)

A

extreme ocular pain, blurred vision, redness of eye, dilationof the pupil

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13
Q

tonometry

A

screening test that measures intraocular pressure by determining the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

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14
Q

tonometer

A

device used to measure IOP

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15
Q

gonioscope

A

device that visualizes the anterior chamber angle, expand the scope of the examination

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16
Q

applanation tonometry

A

using a slit lamp to measure IOP

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17
Q

miotics

A

medications that cause the pupils to constrict

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18
Q

strabismus ( also called heterotropia or tropia)

A

condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other and the eyes do not focus simultaneously when viewing an object

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19
Q

esotropia

A

inward deviation of eye

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20
Q

exotropia

A

outward deviation of eye

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21
Q

stereopsis

A

binocular perception of depth or three-dimensional space

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22
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy-eye syndrome-vision is depressed in the lazy eye so that the child only uses the good eye

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23
Q

macular degeneration

A

deterioration of the macula, the most sensitive portion of the retina

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24
Q

age-related macular degeneration (ARMD, AMD)

A

most common form of macular degeneration, disease is unpredictable and progresses differently in each individual

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25
Q

wet or neovascular ARMD

A

more severe form of ARMD, small blood vessels form under macula and fluids leak from the vessels and destroy the visual cells, severe loss of central vision

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26
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

treatment for wet or neovascular ARMD

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27
Q

Dry ARMD

A

common form of ARMD, small yellowish deposits called drusen develop on the macula and interfere with central vision

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28
Q

drusen

A

dried retinal pigment epithelial cells that form granules on the macula

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29
Q

synalgia

A

referred pain

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30
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

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31
Q

otopyorrhea

A

draining of pus from the ear

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32
Q

mastoiditis

A

infection of the mastoid process

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33
Q

otoencephalitis

A

inflammation of brain tissue near the middle ear

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34
Q

analgesics

A

medication to relieve pain

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35
Q

myringotomy, tympanotomy

A

incision of the eardrum

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36
Q

pressure-equalizing tubes (PE tubes)

A

usual treatment for children with recurrent ear infection utilizing tubes that pass through the tympanic membrane-tubes drain fluid from middle ear

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37
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal hardening

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38
Q

otosclerosis

A

disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bones of the middle ear that cause hearing loss

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39
Q

tinnitus

A

perceived ringing sound within the ear

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40
Q

stapedectomy, stapedotomy

A

surgical correction involving removing part of the stapes and implanting a prosthetic device that allows sound waves to pass to inner ear

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41
Q

retinoblastoma

A

neoplastic disease that tends to be familial, cell involved is the retinal neuron, vision is impaired

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42
Q

bilateral

A

both sides EX: both eyes

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43
Q

melanoma

A

neoplastic disease of the pigmented cells of the choroid, asymptomatic until there is a hemorrhage into the anterior chamber

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44
Q

enucleation

A

removal of an eye

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45
Q

achromatopsia

A

complete color blindness

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46
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst

47
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye; may be secondary to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergy

48
Q

convergence

A

medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed

49
Q

diopter (D)

A

measurement of refractive error

50
Q

ectropion

A

eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid

51
Q

emmetropia (Em)

A

state of normal vision

52
Q

entropion

A

inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid

53
Q

epiphora

A

abnormal overflow of tears

54
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of one or both eyeballs

55
Q

hordeolum

A

localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye

56
Q

metamorphopsia

A

visual distortion of objects

57
Q

nyctalopia

A

night blindness

58
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision

59
Q

papilledema

A

edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc

60
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

61
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process

62
Q

retinopathy

A

any disorder of retinal blood vessels

63
Q

trachoma

A

chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern United States that typically leads to blindness

64
Q

visual field

A

area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position

65
Q

anacusis

A

complete deafness; also called anacusia

66
Q

conduction impairment

A

blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear

67
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process

68
Q

Meniere disease

A

disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing

69
Q

noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)

A

condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”

70
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of the external auditory canal

71
Q

presbyacusis

A

impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia

72
Q

pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes

A

tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes

73
Q

tinnitus

A

perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present

74
Q

vertigo

A

hallucination of movement, or a feeling of spinning or dizziness

75
Q

audiometry

A

measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies

76
Q

caloric stimulation test

A

test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo

77
Q

electronystagmography (ENG)

A

method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles

78
Q

ophthalmodynamometry

A

measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels

79
Q

tonometry

A

evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

80
Q

visual acuity (VA) test

A

part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet

81
Q

gonioscopy

A

examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma

82
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the eye using a hand-held instrument which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye

83
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

84
Q

retinoscopy

A

evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays

85
Q

dacryocystography

A

radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal glands and ducts

86
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

assesses blood vessels and their leakage in a beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye

87
Q

orthoptic training

A

exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that use training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses

88
Q

blepharoplasty

A

cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above or below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to sun

89
Q

cochlear implant

A

artifical hearing device that produces useful hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear

90
Q

cyclodialysis

A

formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma

91
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the eyeball from the orbit

92
Q

evisceration

A

removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact

93
Q

mastoid antrotomy

A

surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process

94
Q

otoplasty

A

corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna

95
Q

phacoemulsification

A

method of trating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed

96
Q

radial keratotomy (RK)

A

incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism

97
Q

sclerostomy

A

surgical formation of an opening in the sclera

98
Q

tuning fork test

A

method use to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork

99
Q

Rinne tuning fork test

A

tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound

100
Q

weber tuning fork test

A

tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

101
Q

tympanoplasty

A

reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty

102
Q

ye antibiotics, opthalmic antibioticsGeneric and Trade Names:-erythromycin base

A

inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye

103
Q

antiglaucoma agentsGeneric and Trade Names:-timolol-acetazolamide

A

decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and the cornea

104
Q

mydriaticsGeneric and Trade Names:-atropine sulfate

A

drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing the pupil to dilate

105
Q

ophthalmic decongestantsGeneric and Trade Names:-tetrahydrozoline(Murine, Visine)

A

constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion

106
Q

ophthalmic moisturizersGeneric and Trade Names:-buffered isotonic solutions (Akwa Tears, Moisture Eyes)

A

soothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens

107
Q

ear antiemeticsGeneric and Trade Names;-meclizine(Antrizine, Bonine, Meni-D)

A

treat and prevent nausea,vomiting, dizziness and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea and vomiting

108
Q

procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure

A

pneumatic otoscopy

109
Q

refers to the wet form of macular degeneration

A

neovascular

110
Q

provide temporary relief from earache

A

otic analgesics

111
Q

esotropia

A

ST

112
Q

loosen and help remove impacted cerumen

A

wax emulsifiers

113
Q

exotropia

A

XT

Chapter 15: Special Senses (2 decks)

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