Ch 15: Dietary Supplements, Natural, and Complementary Medicine

Question 1

complementary med

Answer 1

used in combo with conventional med. example: chemo tx with melatonin to help with sleep

Question 2

alternative med

Answer 2

conventional med not used

Question 3

DSHEA

Answer 3

dietary supplement health and education act of 1994, requires manu of dietary supplements to prove their drug is safe before marketing (does not have to prove effectiveness). diet supplement and not drug unless claims about relationship to health or a treatment or cure to a condition. includes warning about not being eval by FDA

Question 4

commonly used for anxiety

Answer 4

valerian, passionflower, SAMe, kava (avoid d/t hep tox)

Question 5

commonly used for ADHD

Answer 5

fish oil (DHA)

Question 6

commonly used for cold sores (aphthous ulcers/canker sores)

Answer 6

L-lysine

Question 7

commonly used for colds and flu

Answer 7

echinacea, zinc, vit C, probiotics

Question 8

commonly used for dementia/memory

Answer 8

ginkgo (inc bleeding risk), vit E (do not exceed 400 u)

Question 9

commonly used for depression

Answer 9

st. johns wort (DDIs), SAMe, 5HTP (avoid d/t eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome)

Question 10

commonly used for diabetes

Answer 10

chromium, alpha lipoic acid, cinnamon

Question 11

commonly used for dyslipidemia

Answer 11

red yeast rice (low dose HMB-CoA reductase inhibitors), garlic, niacin, fish oil (EPA, good for high TGs, may raise LDL), plant sterols/stanols, fibers

Question 12

commonly used for dyspepsia

Answer 12

Ca, Mg

Question 13

commonly used for wt loss

Answer 13

bitter orange (avoid d/t cardiotox), caffeine, guarana (contains caffeine)

Question 14

commonly used for heart health

Answer 14

Coenz q10

Question 15

commonly used for HTN

Answer 15

fish oil (EPA/DHA), L-arginine, coez q10, garlic

Question 16

commonly used for IBD

Answer 16

fibers (for diarrhea), avoid cascara/senna

Question 17

commonly used for insomnia/sleep

Answer 17

melatonin (used for jet lag), lemon balm, passionflower

Question 18

commonly used for liver disease

Answer 18

milk thistle

Question 19

commonly used for menopause

Answer 19

black cohosh (hep tox risk)

Question 20

commonly used for migraine/HA

Answer 20

ppx: feverfew, butterbur, Mg, coenz q10, guarana (contains caffeine)

Question 21

commonly used for motion sickness

Answer 21

ginger (inc bleed risk), peppermint

Question 22

commonly used for OA

Answer 22

glucosamine, (sulfate salts have best evid), chondoitin, SAMe

Question 23

commonly used for osteoporosis

Answer 23

Ca, vit D, soy

Question 24

commonly used for prostate health

Answer 24

saw palmetto, pygeum

Question 25

commonly used for skin conditions

Answer 25

aloe vera (for lichen planus, psoriasis, HSV, burns), tea tree oil (acne, dandrugg, fungal infections)

Question 26

commonly used for UTI

Answer 26

cranberry

Question 27

standards for dietary supplements

Answer 27

required by law to follow current good manu practices, but often do not. USP estab standards and are awarded USP verified mark if they actually follow cGMPs.

Question 28

natural meds with inc bleeding risk

Answer 28

5 G’s: garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, glucosamine. also fish oil and willow bark (salicylate)

Question 29

folate requirements

Answer 29

400 mcg/d normal. 600 mcg/d for preg, starting 1 mo before conception and continued for 1st 2-3 mo of preg

Question 30

homeopathy

Answer 30

“law of similars” or “like is cured by like”, belief that giving very small amounts of substance - which in undiluted form causes similar sx of illness, will protect the pt or cure them of illness. always check qty of ingredients.

Question 31

medical foods

Answer 31

food that meets a nutritional need for certain pt groups for specific condition. all ingred must be GRAS or be approved food additives. most are rx only

Question 32

iron supplements for breastfed babies

Answer 32

formula contains enough iron. at 4-6 mo, babies need 1 mg/kg/d until consuming iron rich food.