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BIO 139 > CH 15: Cardiovascular > Flashcards

CH 15: Cardiovascular Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Circuit pertaining to the right side of the heart.

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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2
Q

Circuit pertaining to the left side of the heart

A

Systemic Circuit

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3
Q

Always carries blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated but with 1 exception.

A

Arteries except Pulmonary Artery

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4
Q

Color of oxygenated blood

A

Red

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5
Q

Carries blood to the heart, usually deoxygenated with 1 exception

A

Veins except pulmonary veins.

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6
Q

What is the name and color of the artery that leads blood into the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery, blue

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7
Q

What is the name of the veins that carry blood from the lungs to the heart, and what color are they?

A

Pulmonary veins, red.

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8
Q

Blockage to the right side of the heart would cause edema where?

A

Legs

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9
Q

Blockage to the left side of the heart would cause edema where?

A

Lungs

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10
Q

What is back pressure

A

The pressure of the blood to come back into the heart from the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary semilunar valve.

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11
Q

Why are the right and left side of the heart different sizes?

A

The left side is bigger because it has to overcome backpressure and because blood in the right side of the heart has already been through the body and lost volume, the left side pumps full volume requiring more muscle work causing that side to be larger.

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12
Q

Short valve connecting fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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13
Q

Fetal opening in the heart that lets blood directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.

A

Foramen Ovale

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14
Q

REMNANT of fetal heart opening

A

Fossa Ovalis

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15
Q

a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and is essential for normal fetal circulation

A

Ductus venous

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16
Q

The heart is between which ribs?

A

2nd & 6th ribs.

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17
Q

Middle of the heart is called

A

Mediastinum

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18
Q

List the 3 layers of the wall of the heart.

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (visceral pericardium)

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19
Q

3 layers that cover the wall of the heart

A

Visceral Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium

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20
Q

Define Blood pressure

A

Pressure on artery walls

21
Q

describe systole

A

Heart muscles contract, chambers pump blood

22
Q

describe diastole

A

heart muscles relax, chambers fill with blood

23
Q

How long is a cardiac cycle?

A

.8 -1 second long

24
Q

another name for cardiac muscle fibers

A

functional syncytium

25
Q

Atrial walls AKA

A

Atrial syncytium

26
Q

Ventricular walls AKA

A

Ventricular syncytium

27
Q

Natural pace maker of the heart and its BPM

A

Sinoatrial node 60-80bpm

28
Q

Node below SA node and its BPM

A

Atrioventricular node 50-70

29
Q

Name the bundle and its bpm

A

Atrioventricular bundle 40-60 bpm

30
Q

Unique muscle cells that generate action potential by themselves to keep the heart beating rhythmically.

A

Autorhythmicity

31
Q

What is happening during a P Wave?

A

Atrial depolarization

32
Q

What is happening during QRS wave?

A

Ventricular depolarization/ Atrial polarization

33
Q

What happens during T wave?

A

Ventricular repolarization

34
Q

Another name for pressure

A

Baro

35
Q

Is BP sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic

36
Q

Name the 2 baroreceptors and their function.

A

Carotid baroreceptors, aortic baroreceptors. They tell the brain to trigger sympathetic or parasympathetic to raise or lower BP

37
Q

Where is the cardiac center in the brain?

A

Medulla

38
Q

Compare the following: Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

A

Arteries carry blood away from heart, flows into arterioles then to capillaries where the sites exchange substances between blood and body cells, venules then receive the blood from capillaries and carry them into veins where the blood is carried back to the heart.

39
Q

Name 2 differences between veins and arteries.

A

Arteries have a thicker tunic media, veins have valves

40
Q

3 Veins/Artery layers

A

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica interna

41
Q

Compare the pressure in Arterioles and Venules

A

Arterial pressure is higher, venule has poorly developed middle wall.

42
Q

Factors in venous blood return. (4)

A

Valves
Smooth muscle contraction
skeletal muscle contraction
Respiratory movement

43
Q

Max pressure exerted against the walls of a vessel during a ventricular contraction

A

Systolic Pressure

44
Q

Max pressure when ventricles relax

A

Diastolic Pressure

45
Q

Formula for Cardia Output

A

CO=Stroke Volume x HR

46
Q

Formula for BP

A

BP=Cardiac Output x Peripheral resistance

47
Q

Factors that raise arteriole BP

A 
BP
HR increase
Stroke Volume increase
blood viscosity
Peripheral resistance increase
48
Q

Medulla stimulates parasympathetic to ____ BP.

A

lower

49
Q

Medulla stimulates sympathetic to ____ BP.

A

Raise

BIO 139 (3 decks)

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