Ch 15 - Adaptive Immune System

Question 1

The response for the second time your body encounters the same organism?

Answer 1

Secondary response

Question 2

Why don’t you get chicken pox every time you’re body has encountered it?

Answer 2

The adaptive immune system has memory, which allows for a more rapid response to a second exposure to the same organism.

Question 3

Define tolerance.

Answer 3

Ability of the immune system to ignore a molecule.

Question 4

Why is it good to have tolerance?

Answer 4

Good to have tolerance to self molecules- we don’t want to attack our own tissues.

Question 5

Is the response of the adaptive immune system generalized or specific?

Answer 5

Specific- there’s a different response for every antigen.

Question 6

What are the two parts of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 6

Cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

Question 7

What’s the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Answer 7

Humoral immunity deals with extracellular infections- those in the blood and other fluid while cellular immunity is used for intracellular immunity.

Question 8

Describe antibodies.

Answer 8

Aka immunoglobulins, Ab’s are glycoproteins. There are five classes (MADGE) IgM, IgA, etc. The two regions are the Fab and Fc, the Fab region binds to antigens and the Fc region calls in other immune system cells.

Question 9

What is the Lymphoid System?

Answer 9

Tissues and organs that help B cells and T cells to come into contact with all antigens that enter the body.

Question 10

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 10

To carry lymph from the blood to the lymph nodes where it is screened for antigens, then return to the blood.

Question 11

Difference between B cells and T cells- where they mature.

Answer 11

T cells mature in the thymus and B cells mature in the bone marrow.

Question 12

What is the primary lymphoid organ and what does it do?

Answer 12

Bone marrow- hematopoietic stem cells for all T and B cells, B cells mature here

Question 13

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues? What is there function for the lymph system?

Answer 13

Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, SALT, MALT.
SALT- skin associated lymphoid tissue
MALT- mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
- allow B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, etc. to exchange info w each other

Question 14

What are the five types of protection provided by Ab’s?

Answer 14

Neutralization, immobilization, agglutination, opsonization, complement activation by the classical pathway

Question 15

What is neutralization?

Answer 15

Bacterial toxins surrounded by Ab that make it so the antigens can no longer interact w cells

Question 16

Immobilization

Answer 16

Bacteria/ viruses can’t attach to self cells

Question 17

Agglutination

Answer 17

Causes antigens to clump or precipitate together, makes it easier for macrophages to swallow all at once

Question 18

Opsonization

Answer 18

Easier for macrophages to phagocytosis bc they recognize the Fc portion of the Ab

Question 19

What are the different types of T cells?

Answer 19

Cytotoxic, T helper 1, T helper 2

Question 20

Cytotoxic - MHC, Response
Helper 1 - MHC, Response
Helper 2 - MHC, Response

Answer 20

C- MHC 1, apoptosis (perforin and protease)
H1- MHC 2, gives macrophages permission to be activated
H2 - MHC 2, gives B cells permission to make effector lymphocytes & Ab’s

Question 21

Describe the response of a cytotoxic T cell

Answer 21

Once it finds an Ag it recognizes on a MHC1 molecule, it binds to it and releases cytokines directly at the cell. Perforin and protease are used to induce apoptosis; perforin to out a hole in the infected self cell, protease to go thru the hole and induce apoptosis

Question 22

What is it response called for the first time your body encounters an organism?

Answer 22

Primary response