Ch. 15

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

A mechanism for change in populations

Question 2

Mimicry

Answer 2

A structural adaptation that allows one species to resemble another species

Question 3

Camouflage

Answer 3

An adaptation that allows a species to blend in with their surroundings

Question 4

Homologous structure

Answer 4

Structural figures with common evolutionary origins

Question 5

Analogous structures

Answer 5

The Cody parts of an organism that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

Question 6

Vestigial structure

Answer 6

A body structure that no longer serves its purpose but was useful for its ancestors

Question 7

Embryo

Answer 7

Earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals

Question 8

Gene pool

Answer 8

All of the alleles of a genes population being put together

Question 9

Alleles frequency

Answer 9

The percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool

Question 10

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 10

A population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations

Question 11

Genetic drift

Answer 11

The alteration of alleles frequencies by chance events

Question 12

Stabilizing selection

Answer 12

Natural selection that favors average individuals in a population

Question 13

Directional selection

Answer 13

Occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

Question 14

Disruptive selection

Answer 14

Individuals with either extreme of a traits variation are selected

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

The evolution of new species

Question 16

Geographic isolation

Answer 16

Whenever a physical barrier divides a population

Question 17

Reproductive isolation

Answer 17

Formally interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce offspring

Question 18

Polyploid

Answer 18

An individual species with multiple of the normal set of chromosomes

Question 19

Gradualism

Answer 19

A species ordinate through a gradual change of adaptations

Question 20

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 20

Specification occurs relatively quickly in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between

Question 21

Adaptive radiation

Answer 21

When an ancestral species evolves into a array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats

Question 22

Divergent evolution

Answer 22

The pattern of evolution in which a species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct

Question 23

Convergent evolution

Answer 23

Distantly related organisms evolve similar traits

Question 24

Artificial selection

Answer 24

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits