CH 15

Question 1

1. What are some changeable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

American Heart Association identified six major risk factors.
Tobacco use
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Physical inactivity
Obesity		
Diabetes

Question 2

2. Some non-changeable risk factors?

Answer 2

Heredity  
-CVD has genetic component; high cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity
Aging 
-Over the age of 65
Being male
 - Men have higher risk earlier in life
Ethnicity 
-African Americans higher risk of hypertension; Hispanics greater risk of HBP and angina; Asians lower rates of CVD

Question 3

3. What is high blood pressure as a risk factor?

Answer 3

-Risk factor that can be changed.
-Hypertension
Too much pressure against blood vessel walls
Short periods of high blood pressure are normal, but chronic high blood pressure is a health risk
-Atherosclerosis
Heart has to work harder, weakens, enlarges, arteries narrow, scar, and harden
-About 33% (73 million) of adults have hypertension
-37% of adults have prehypertension
-Test your blood pressure at least once every two years

Question 4

4. What are the statistics to justify high blood pressure?

Answer 4

• About 33% (73 million) of adults have hypertension

- 37% of adults have prehypertension

Question 5

5. What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 5

-Atherosclerosis -  narrowed by fatty deposits
Plaques accumulate in artery walls
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Question 6

6. What is “good” cholesterol compared to “bad”?

Answer 6

Low –density lipoproteins (LDL) (“bad” cholesterol)
Shuttle cholesterol from the liver to organs and tissues
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) (“good” cholesterol)
Shuttle unused cholesterol back to the liver for recycling
By removing cholesterol from blood vessels, HDL helps protect against atherosclerosis

Question 7

What effect does exercise have on cholesterol levels?

Answer 7

40-60 million Americans are so sedentary that they are at high risk for developing CVD
Exercise reduces risk

Question 8

Highest risk factor for cardiovascular disease in which ethnicity?

Answer 8

African american

Question 9

What is the reason for taking aspirin related to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 9

it helps a heart attack victim bec of the ANTICLOTTING AFFECT
325mg

Question 10

WHAT IS METOBOLIC SYNDROME?

Answer 10

is a cluster of conditions — increased blood pressure, a high blood sugar level, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels — that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Question 11

What is the DASH diet? What foods are included?

Answer 11

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
FOR PEOPLE W/ high blood pressure
low sodium
Omega-3 fatty acids
Plant stanols and sterols
Folic acid
Vitamins B-6 and B-12
Calcium
Soy protein
Healthy carbohydrates
Total calories