Ch 15 Flashcards
An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being in places or situations in which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which hep may not be available should an anxiety attack occur
Agoraphobia
Drug that increase the effectiveness of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) a neurotransmitter that modulates excitability and anxiety. Usually prescribed to reduce anxiety but on a short term basis due to problems with addiction
Anti anxiety drugs (anxiolytics)
A state of feeling apprehension uneasiness uncertainty or dread, results from a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unknown or unrecognized
Anxiety
An obsessive compulsive disorder that involves preoccupation with an Imagined defective body part resulting in obsessional thinking compulsive behavior
Body dysmorphic disorder
Usually unconscious intrapsychic processes used to ward off anxiety by preventing conscious awareness of threatening feelings examples include regression, projection, sublimation, repression, and denial
Defenses mechanisms
An unpleasant emotion related to a specific danger
Fear
Anxiety disorder characterized by excessive worry or anxiety about numerous things
Generalized anxiety disorder
Distressing problem in which individuals compulsively pull hair out resulting in varying degrees of disability social stigma and Altered appearance
Hair pulling disorder(trichotillomania)
The first level of anxiety occurs in the normal experience of everyday living and allows people to perceive reality in sharp focus
Mild anxiety
Second level of anxiety results In selective attention and some diminished thinking although learning and problem solving can still occur. Symptoms include tension pounding headache, increased pulse, increased respiration rate, perspiration, gastric discomfort,headache,urinary urgency, voice tremors, and shaking
Moderate anxiety
Fourth and most extreme level of anxiety and results in markedly disturbed behavior. Unable to process what is going on and may lose touch with reality
Panic
An anxiety disorder in which panic attacks are the key feature
Panic disorder
Exhibiting developmentally inappropriate levels of concern over being away from a signifying other
Separation anxiety disorder
The third level of anxiety is debilitating and causes a person to focus on one particular detail or many scattered details. Learning cannot occur and other aspects of the environment go unnoticed even when someone points them out
Severe anxiety
Skin picking disorder
Dermotilomania
Aka social phobia characterized by severe anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to a social or performance situation that will be evaluated negatively by others
Social anxiety disorder
Fear and avoidance of a single object, situation, or activity, common in the general population
Specific phobias
Used to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths
Compensation
Unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause
Conversion
Escaping unpleasant anxiety causing thoughts feelings wishes or needs by ignoring their existence
Denial
Transference of emotions associated with a particular person object or situation to another non threatening person object or situation
Displacement
Disruption in consciousness memory identity or perception of the environment that results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself
Dissociation
Attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group
Identification
Events are analyzed based on remote cold facts and wo passion rathe than incorporating feeling and emotion into the processing
Intellectualizarion
Unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to others
Projection
Justifying Illogical or unreasonable ideas actions or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener
Rationalization
Unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion
Reaction formation
Reverting to an earlier more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior that May or may not have been previously exhibited
Regression
Unconscious exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences emotions or ideas from conscious awareness
Repression
Inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image
Splitting
Unconscious process of substituting mature and socially acceptable activity for immature and unacceptable impulses
Sublimation
Conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling
Suppression
When a person makes up for an act or communication
Undoing
What are the targets of pharmacological interventions?
Neurons, neurotransmitters, and receptors
Most psychotropics drugs act by either increasing or decreasing the activity of certain ______-_______ systems.
Neurotransmitter-receptor
_______ Is the major inhibitory [calming] neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
Gamma aminobutryic acid (GABA)
_____ target GABA receptors in order to enhance them
Benzodiazepines
Drugs that enhance receptors exert a _______~_______ action on the brain
Sedative -hypnotic
The most commonly used anti anxiety drugs are
Benzodiazepines
The use of benzodiazepines create a ______ effect
Calming
These drugs are also used as anticonvulsants and to treat alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
What are 5 benzodiazepines used for insomnia
- flurazepem
- temazepam
3 triazolam
4 estazoam
5 quazepam
What is the brand name of flurazepem
Dalmane
What is the brand name of temazepam
Restoril
What is the brand name of triazolam
Halcion
What is the brand name of estazoam
Prosom
What is the brand name of quazepam
Doral
What two drugs reduce anxiety without such sleep producing effects at lower therapeutic doses
Lorazepam and alprazolam
What is the brand name of lorazepam
Ativan
What is the brand name of alprazolam
Xanax
When used ____ benzodiazepine, even at higher dosages, rarely inhibit the brain to the degree that respiratory depression coma and death result
Alone
When benzodiazepine is combined with other CNS depressants like _______, ________, or ___ ________, the inhibitory actions of the benzodiazepines can lead to life-threatening CNS depression
Alcohol, opiates, try cyclic antidepressants
Patients taking benzodiazepines will have _____ ______activity of the brain which can interfere with motor ability attention and judgment
Inhibited electrical
What is a common side effect of taking benzodiazepines
Ataxia ( lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movement )
Short acting sedative hypnotic sleep agents
z drugs
Z drugs are a new class of hypnotics that include:
1 zolpidem (Ambien) 2 zaleplon (Sonata) 3 eszopiclone (Lunesta)
What is the brand name of zolpidem
Ambien
What is the brand name of zaleplon
Sonata
What is the brand name of eszopiclone
Lunesta
These drug help sleep wo the anti anxiety, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxant effects of BZDs
Z drugs
Short acting sedative hypnotic sleep agents have a _____ onset
Quick
_____ is a hormone that is only excreted at night as part of the normal circadian rhythm
Melatonin
This drug is not classified as a scheduled substance or one having abuse potential
ramelton (Rozerem)
Side effects of ramelton (Rozerem)
Headache dizziness prolonged use can result in sexual dysfunction
This drug comes in 3 and 6 mg tablets and is classified as an antidepressant and is used to treat insomnia
doxepin (Silenor)
Patients with severe urinary retention or on ______ should avoid doxepin (Silenor)
MAOIs
Patients taking doxepin (Silenor) should avoid ________ and sedating ________
CNS depressants and sedating antihistamines
______ is a drug that reduces anxiety without having strong sedative-hypnotic properties
buspirone (Buspar)
Does not leave patient sleepy, less danger of interaction of other CNS DEPRESSANTS such as alcohol and there is less potential for addiction than BZDs
buspirone (Buspar)
Block the nerves that stimulate the heart to beat faster students often prescribed for test anxiety
Beta blockers
Safe, non addictive alternative to BZDs to lower anxiety levels also used to treat patients with substance abuse problems
Antihistamines
