Ch 15-17 Flashcards
The brain has ____ chambers and is filled with_____
Four
Cerebrospinal Fluid
List the four regions of the brain
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
This region of the brain includes more than half of the brain mass
Cerebrum
The grooves on the surface of the brain are called
Sulci
The ridges on the surface of the brain are called
Gyri
These divide the cerebrum into the four surface lobes
Fissures
Part of the cerebrum that receives impulses from the sensory receptors is the _____ and it is located in the ____
Somatic Sensory Area
Parietal Lobe
Part of the cerebrum that sends impulses to the skeletal muscles is the ____ and it is located in the _____
Motor area
Frontal lobe
Part of the cerebrum involved in our ability to speak
Broca’s area
The outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
Gray matter
The fiber tracts deep in the gray matter are
White matter
This connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Corpus Callosum
The islands of gray matter buried within the white matter
Basal nuclei
The diencephalon consists of these parts (3)
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
This part of the diencephalon relays sensory impulses
Thalamus
This part of the diencephalon controls body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
Hypothalamus
This system of the brain controls emotions
Limbic
This part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland and choroid plexus
Epithalamus
This part of the brain forms cerebrospinal fluid
Choroidplexus
The three parts of the brain stem include
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Part of the brain stem that contains the reflex centers for vision and hearing
Midbrain
Part of the brain stem that contains nuclei involved in the control of breathing
Pons
Part of the brain stem that controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting
Medulla oblongata
This is contained within the brain stem and is involved with motor control of visceral organs
Reticular formation
This region of the brain provides involuntary coordination of body movements
Cerebellum
The external layer of the meninges is the
Dura mater
The internal layer of the meninges is the
Pia mater
The middle layer of the meninges is the
Arachnoid layer
The CSF is circulated in the (3)
Arachnoid space
Ventricles
Center canal of the spinal cord
Injury of the brain in which nervous tissue destruction occurs
Contusion
Injury to the brain in which there is no permanent brain damage
Concussion
Injury to the brain in which swelling occurs and compresses the brain
Cerebral edema
The collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
The internal gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly
Cell bodies
The exterior white matter of the spinal cord are
conduction tracts
The posterior horns of the internal gray matter are called
Dorsal
The anterior horns of the internal gray matter are called
Ventral
Dorsal root spinal nerves are a collection of ____ outside the CNS
Cell bodies
Ventral root spinal nerves contain ____
Axons
The system composed of nerves and ganglia outside the CNS
Peripheral NS
PNS nerve structure consists of a _____ around each fiber, with groups of fibers bound into ____ by _____. and the fascicles are bound together by _____
Endonerium
Fascicles
Perineurium
Epineurium
PNS nerves contain ____ (afferent) nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS ____ (efferent) nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS, and ____ nerves that contain both
Sensory
Motor
Mixed
There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves contained within the PNS
12
There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves contained within the PNS
31
These spinal nerves of the PNS serve the skin and muscles of the posterior trunk
Dorsal rami
These spinal nerves of the PNS form a plexus for the anterior
Ventral rami
The ANS consists of ____ nerves only
Motor
The somatic nerves contain one ____ neuron, whereas the autonomic nerves contain ____ and ____nerves
Motor
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
The somatic nerves contain the ___ muscle, whereas the autonomic nerves contain ___muscle, ___ muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
The somatic neurotransmitters always use ___, whereas the autonomic nerves use ___, ___ or ___
ACH
ACH
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
The sympathetic division uses ___ and ___ neurotransmitters to the effector organs
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
The parasympathetic division always uses ___ as a neurotransmitter
ACH
The division of the PNS is the “rest or repose”
Parasympathetic
This division of the PNS is the “fight or flight”
Sympathetic
