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Exercise Physiology > ch. 15 > Flashcards

ch. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the most common tools used to estimate the risk associated with exercise testing or engaging in regular exercise?

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

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2
Q

Now, if a person checks yes response on PAR-Q+ what happens? Also, if they answer no to additional questions what happens? What happens if they answer yes to additional questions?

A
  • directed to additional questions dealing with chronic disease issues
  • person is directed to an appropriate exercise test and physical activity program
  • if they answer yes, it directs individual to a qualified exercise professional
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3
Q

Now, if a person marks no to the additional questions the person is directed to?

A
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4
Q

What does the new algorithm of ASCM refer the individual to?

A

refers the individual to a health care professional to obtain medical clearance prior to participation

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5
Q

What is the new ACSM exercise health screening process based on?

A
  1. the individual current level of physical activity
  2. presence of signs or symptoms and or known cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease
  3. desired exercise intensity
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6
Q

Participants with signs and symptoms indicative of CV, metabolic, or renal disease are recommended to?

A

receive medical clearance regardless of their diseases status or whether they are current regular exercisers

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7
Q

Participants with CV, metabolic or renal disease who are ASYMPTOMATIC and not regular exercisers need to do what?

A

need medical clearance prior to exercise participation if they are NOT regular exercise

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8
Q

Participants with CV, metabolic or renal disease who are ASYMPTOMATIC and are regular exercisers need to do what?

A

only need medical clearance if they plan to purse vigorous intensity aerobic exercise

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9
Q

Following screening, what is taken?

A

measurements of heart rate and blood pressure are taken at rest prior to the exercise test

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10
Q

The exercise test used to evaluate cardiorespiratory function may require

A

submaximal or maximal effort by subject

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11
Q

In a submaximal GXT, what occurs:

A

HR is measured at each stage of test that progresses from light work to predetermined end (70-85% of predicted maximal heart rate)

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12
Q

Advantages of maximal run test:

A
  1. moderately high correlation with VO2 Max
  2. use of natural activity
  3. the large numbers of people who can be tested at one time
  4. low cost
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13
Q

Disadvantages of using field tests:

A
  1. difficulty of monitoring physiological responses
  2. importance that motivation plays in the outcome
  3. test is not graded but is a maximal effort
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14
Q

Disadvantages of using field tests:

A
  1. difficulty of monitoring physiological responses
  2. importance that motivation plays in the outcome
  3. test is not graded but is a maximal effort
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15
Q

When should field tests be used?

A

only after a person has progressed through a program of exercise at lower intensities

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16
Q

Maximal run field test represents evolutionary changes from from original work of

A

Balke

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17
Q

What did Balke show?

A

showed that running tests of 10-20 provide reasonable estimates of VO2 Max

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18
Q

Most popular field test for adults include:

A
  • Cooper’s 12 minute or 1.5 mile run
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19
Q

Most popular field test for children:

A

Fitnessgram’s 1 mile walk/run

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20
Q

What is the aim through using maximal run tests?

A

determine the average velocity that can be maintained over the time or distance

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21
Q

What is the basis for the maximal run field tests?

A

linear relationship that exists between VO2 and running speed

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22
Q

the duration of 10-20 minutes represents a compromise that attempts to do what?

A

maximize the change that the person is running at a speed demanding 90% to 95% VO2 max while minimizing the contrbution of energy from anaerobic sources

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23
Q

Estimates of VO2 max based on distance runs are most useful when

A

compared over time for the same individual rather than between individuals

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24
Q

Which tests provide useful info about changes in an individual CRF over time even though VO2 max are not available?

A

swimming and bicycle riding tests

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25
Q

The choice of GXT should be based on what aspects?

A
  1. population (athletes, cardiac patients, children,)
  2. purpose (estimate CRF, measure VO2 max, diagnose CHD)
  3. cost (equipment and personnel)
26
Q

when choosing GXT protocol, it should vary in terms of of?

A
  1. initial work rate
  2. how large the increment in work rate will be in between stages
  3. duration of each stage
27
Q

Which protocol is usually used with poorly fit subjects with work rate increasing only 1 MET each 3 mins?

A

National Exercise and Heart Disease protocol

28
Q

What is the Standard Balke protocol?

Who is it suitable for?

A
  • starts at about 4 METs and progresses 1 MET each 2 mins

- suitable for those who are most average sedentary adults

29
Q

The steps to follow before conducting an exercise test to evaluate CRF include the following:

A
  1. Review the health history for known diseases, signs and symptoms, and risk factors
  2. Stratify the level of risk
  3. Determine the type of test and level of supervision needed
30
Q

What is the Bruce protocol?
Who does it suit?
What activity is performed?

A
  • for young active subjects
  • starts at about 5 METs and progresses at 2 or 3 METs per stage
  • running and walking up a graded fitness continuum
31
Q

The running speed formula provides reasonable estimates of VO2 max for who?

A

Adults, but would underestimate values for young children because of poor economy of running
- also would overestimate the value for VO2 max for those woh walk because the cost of walking is half that of running

32
Q

An ECG is obtained when what is to be the diagnostic test?

A

Graded Exercise Test

33
Q

VO2 max estimated in an endurance run test is influenced by

A
  • cardiovascular function and body fatness
34
Q

What are the common measurements made during a GXT

A
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • ECG
35
Q

Heart rate during GXT is measured over:

A

A 15-30 second time period during steady state exercise to obtain reliable estimate of the HR

36
Q

T/F BP can be reliably measuring during running test

A

NO

37
Q

Which number Korotkoff sound is considered systolic and diastolic

A
  • 1st Korotkoff sound is systolic

- 4th is diastolic BP

38
Q

What is the double product?

A
  • Product of heart rate and systolic BP

- an estimate of work and O2 demand of heart

39
Q

ECG is used as an indicator of

A

Ability of heart to function normallly during times of imposed work

40
Q

ECG is evaluated for

A

Arrhythmia, conduction disturbances, and myocardial ischemia

41
Q

Arrythmias

A

Irregularities in normal electrical rhythm of the heart that can be localized to the atria, AV node, or ventricles

42
Q

Conduction disturbances

A
  • describes defect in which depolarization is slowed or completely blocked
43
Q

Myocardial ischemia and a symptom of it

A
  • inadequate perfusion of the myocardium relative to the metabolic demand of the heart
  • symptom is angina pectoris (breathlessness, abdominal pain)
  • sign associated with myocardial ischemia is depression of ST segment on ECG
44
Q

Primary criterion for having achieved a true VO2 max is that
And what percent of healthy adults experience a plateau

A

The VO2 fails to increase when the workload is increased yielding a plateau in the VO2
- 50%

45
Q

Secondary criteria for achieving max VO2

A
  • post exercise blood lactate [] of >8mmoles L-1

- An R exceeding 1.15

46
Q

The highest value for VO2 max is usually measured with

A
  • running test up a grade on a treadmill, followed by walking test up a grade on a treadmill and then on a cycle ergometer
47
Q
  • In American populations, walk test protocols yield values about what percent lower than those for run test
  • while cycle test protocols yield values about what lower than run test e
A
  • 6%

- 10-11% lower than those of run test

48
Q

Europeans show only what percent difference for VO2 max

A

5-7%

49
Q

Arm ergometer tests will yield values equal to about what percent of VO2 max measured with legs

A

70%

50
Q

What is VO2 max and Vo2 peak?

A
  • VO2 max is value measured on a graded running test

- VO2 peak is term used to describe highest VO2 achieved on walk, cycle, or arm

51
Q

For low fit individuals, a recommended procedure to use when measuring steady state is

A

Last completed stage of test

52
Q

Estimation of VO2 max from heart rate values measured during a series of submaximal work rates has 2 main problems:

A
  1. Formula used for estimating maximal HR

2. Any variable that affects submaximal Hearst rate will affect the slope of the HR/Vo2 line and the estimate of VO2 max

53
Q

The standard Blake protocol starts about what MET

A

4 METs and progresses 1 MET each 2 minutes and is suitable for most sedentary adults

54
Q

Bruce protocol for young active subjects starts at what MET

A
  • 5 MET and progresses at 2 to 3 MET per stage
55
Q

Which test provide the greatest potential load on the cardiovascular system

A
  • treadmill
56
Q

For the treadmill test, why is there no need to make adjustments to the VO2 calculations

A

Due to differences in body weight. Treadmill require subject to carry his or her own weight

57
Q

What is the Blake standard protocol

A

3 mph, 2.5% each 2 minutes, and the test is terminated at 85% of age predicted maximal hr

58
Q

Generally, pedal rate is maintained in a cycle ergometer test at a rate suitable to population being tested:

A
  1. 50-60 rpm for low to average fit

2. 70-100 for highly fit

59
Q

The starting work rate and the increment from one stage to the next in cycle ergometer is dependent on

A

Fitness of subject and purpose of that test

60
Q

Cycle ergometer is different from treadmill in that

A

Body weight is supported by seat and work rate is dependent on crank speed and load on the wheel

61
Q

In YMCA protocol for cycle ergometer

A
  • each stage lasts 3 minutes and heart rate values are obtained in last 30 secs of 2 and 3rd minute
  • if heart rate is less than 5minutes between 2 time periods, steady state is assumed

Exercise Physiology (9 decks)

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