Ch 1.4 Macromolecules in cells

Question 1

What is the trend for electronegativity?

Answer 1

Upper right (F is the most)

Question 2

What’s the general rule of thumb of ionic, polar and non-polar?

Answer 2

• Ionic between 2.0 and 3.3
• polar between 0.4-2.0
• non-polar between 0.0- 0.4

Question 3

3 reasons why water is essential for cells?

Answer 3

• cytosol is a aqueous environment
• how the macro molecules interact are critical for cell function
• water is a solvent since water is a permanent dipole

Question 4

What are the 6 types of interactions in decreasing order?

Answer 4

1) covalent
2) ion -permanent dipole
3) permanent dipole - permanent dipole
4) hydrogen bonds
5) permanent dipole -induced dipole & ion - induced dipole
6) induced dipole - induced dipole

Question 5

What does atoms prefixing stable interactions result in?

Answer 5

• favor the strongest bond possible

Question 6

What does intramolecular mean?

Answer 6

In the molecule

eg of bonds in the molecule: covalent, ionic, hydrophobic

Question 7

What does intermolecular mean?

Answer 7

Between two separate molecules
(Inter like intertwining 2 separate things)

(eg of bonds with othe molecules: non-covalent)

Question 8

Macromolecules are linked by ________ but assemble in cell by ________ reactions

Answer 8

Covalent, non - covalent

Question 9

What makes macromolecules polar?

Answer 9

Functional groups (eg -OH)

Question 10

Are their carbon skeletons polar?

Answer 10

No they are non polar

Question 11

Chem polarity vs. molecular polarity

Answer 11

Chem: uneven distribution electrons
Molecular: have their two diff end groups

Question 12

What are the 4 macromolecules?

What are their monomers?

Answer 12

• Polypeptide (protein) - amino acid
• Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) - nucleotide
• Carbohydrates - monosaccharides (simple sugars)
• Lipids ( triglycerides) -fatty acid

Question 13

Draw amino acid
What the polymer?
Directionality?
Bond type?

Answer 13

• has amino group, alpha C, R-group, carboxyl group
• polypeptide (protein)
• N-terminus to C-terminus
• peptide bond

Question 14

Draw nucleotide

What’s the polymer?

Directionality?

Bond type?

Answer 14

• phosphate group deoxyribose/ ribose sugar, base ( A, G, C, T, U)
• Nucleic acid ( DNA, RNA)
• 5’ to 3’
• Phosphodiester bond

Question 15

Draw monosaccharide

What’s the polymer?

Directionality?

Bond type?

Answer 15

• Ex. Cyclic glucose
• carbohydrates
• non-reducing to reducing
• glycosidic bond

Question 16

Draw lipid

What’s the monomer?

Directionality?

Bond type?

Answer 16

• 1 glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid tails
• fatty acid
• none
• ester bond

Question 17

What do functional groups do?

Answer 17

Make the molecule polar so it’s soluble in water