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Donny RAD POS lll > Ch 14 Intravenous > Flashcards

Ch 14 Intravenous Flashcards

1
Q

Exam:
What is the normal range for creatinine levels?

A

0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL

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2
Q

Exam:
What is the average levels for BUN?

A

8-25mg per 100 ml

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3
Q

Exam:
What medication do you hold for procedures?

A

Metformin 48 hours before or after administration of iodinated contrast
(other combinations): glucovance, metaglip, jentadueto, ActoPlus Met, Prandimet, Avandamet)
(other brands: glucophage, fortamet, glumetza, & Riomet)

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4
Q

Exam:
What is micturition?

A

the act of voiding or urination

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5
Q

Exam:
What is incontinence?

A

involuntary passage (leakage) of urine through the urethra
(failure to control vesical and urethral sphincters)

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6
Q

Exam:
What is retention?

A

inability to void: bladder unable to empty
(obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate)

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7
Q

Exam:
What exams/studies would you need to premedicate for?
What medications?
What are examples of procedures?

A

patients with history of hay fever, asthma, or food allergies
antihistamines (benadryl) + prednisone 12 or more hours prior to procedure
IVU

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8
Q

Exam:
What position would you use for voiding cystograms?
What are the procedure steps?
What supplies do you need?

A

supine or erect (makes voiding easier) (women)
30 degree RPO (male, best shown)
**

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9
Q

Exam:
What drugs would you use to reduce a reaction?

A

prednisone & Benadryl

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10
Q

Exam:
What are mild reaction symptoms?

A

non allergic reactions:
anxiety
lightheadedness
nausea
vomiting
metallic taste (common side effect)
mild erythema
warm flush (common side effect)
itching
mid scattered hives

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11
Q

exam review:
what is an IVU?

A

excretory urography
IV injection with contrast through superficial vein in arm

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12
Q

exam review:
What is a retrograde urography study?

A

injection through ureteral catheter by urologist as a surgical procedure

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13
Q

exam review:
What is a retrograde cystography?

A

contrast flowing to bladder through urethral catheter pushed by gravity

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14
Q

exam review:
what is a voiding cystourethrography?
what is the positioning?

A

contrast flowing to from urethral catheter to bladder & withdrawal of catheter for voiding imaging
women: supine (lithotomy) or erect AP
men: 30 degree RPO

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15
Q

exam review:
what is a retrograde urethrography study?
(RUG)

A

for males
retrograde injection through Brodney clamp or special catheter

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16
Q

Exam:
What are moderate reaction symptoms?

A

true allergic reactions (anaphylactic):
urticaria
possible laryngeal swelling
bronchospasm
angioedema
hypotension
tachycardia >100 beats/min
bradycardia >60 beats/min

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17
Q

Exam:
what are severe reaction symptoms?

A

vasovagal (life-threatening reaction):
hypotension (systolic <80)
bradycardia (<50 beats/min)
cardiac arrhythmias
laryngeal swelling
possible convulsions
cardiac arrest
respiratory arrest
no detectable pulse

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18
Q

Exam:
What is an HSG?
What is it looking for?

A

contrast study of the uterus to assess the function

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19
Q

Exam:
Which kidney sits lower than the other?
Why?

A

right sits more inferior to the left kidney
bc of the presence of the liver

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20
Q

Exam:
What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

filter blood & remove waste through urine*

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21
Q

Exam:
What are the reasons for using a uterus compression study?
Where do you place the compression device? (what level)

A

enhance filling of pelvicalyceal system/proximal ureters & allows renal collecting system to retain the contrast medium longer
(at ASIS) inflated paddles over outer pelvic brim

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22
Q

Exam:
How do you position for an IVU?
What is the prep?

A

Scout: supine (AP) CR is iliac crest
5 min: Supine (AP) (KUB) CR is iliac crest
10-15 min: supine (AP +KUB) CR is iliac crest
20 min: 30 degree LPO/RPO (ureters away from spine) CR is iliac crest
postvoid: prone or erect AP (include bladder)
Prep:
light evening meal before procedure
bowel-cleansing laxative
NPO after midnight
enema on morning of exam

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23
Q

Exam:
What is an essential component of the kidney?

A

nephrons

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24
Q

Exam:
GO OVER LABELING

A
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25
Q

Exam:
What is the positioning for the retrograde urography?
What is the prep?

A

30 degree RPO
special catheter inserted to distal urethra (contrast medium inserted by injection)

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26
Q

Exam:
What is a retrograde study?
What is an excretory study?

A

contrast through catheter (retro=backwards)
contrast through the vein (intravenous) (forward)

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27
Q

Exam:
What organs make up the urinary system?

A

two kidneys
two ureters
one urinary bladder
one urethra

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28
Q

Exam:
Where do the suprarenal glands lie in relation to the urinary system?

A

superior and medial to each kidney
(important glands of the endocrine system located in fatty capsule that surrounds each kidney)

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29
Q

Exam:
What position do we need to place the patient in to get the kidneys parallel to the IR?

A

30 degree LPO/RPO
(30 LPO places right kidney parallel)
(30 RPO places left kidney parallel)

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30
Q

Exam:
What is the name of the functional study of the bladder and urethra?

A

voiding cystourethrography (VCU)

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31
Q

Exam:
When would we not use the uterus compression?

A

ureteric stones
abdominal mass
abdominal aortic aneurysm
recent abdominal surgery
severe abdominal pain
acute abdominal trauma
(pregnancy)?

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32
Q

Exam:
What study measures the functional aspects of the urinary system?

A

intravenous urography
(excretory urography or IVU (true functional aka intravenous pyelography)

33
Q

Exam:
Why do we empty the bladder before doing a IVU study?

A

a bladder to full could rupture & urine already in the bladder dilutes the contrast medium

34
Q

Exam:
what is the retrograde urography exam? (definition)

A

non-functional examination of the urinary system
contrast injected via catheter inserted into the ureters

35
Q

Exam:
what angle does the kidney sit to the midsagittal plane?

A

20 degrees from the midsagittal plane due to the psoas major muscles (vertical angle)

36
Q

Exam:
where should the tourniquet be placed in relation to the injection site?

A

3-4 inches above injection site

37
Q

Exam:
What is acute renal failure?

A

(Can’t filter waste from the blood)
inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites & inability to retain electrolytes (at normal plasma levels
& under normal conditions)

38
Q

exam review:
Three purposes for an IVU?

A

visualize portion of urinary system
assess function of kidneys
evaluate urinary system pathology

39
Q

Exam:
What is oliguria?

A

diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake
low urine output
(less than 400mL in 24 hr)

40
Q

Exam:
What is retention?

A

inability to void: bladder unable to empty
(due to obstruction in urethra or lack of sensation to urinate)

41
Q

Exam:
What is anuria?

A

complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys
(kidneys producing none-little urine due to a blockage)

42
Q

Exam:
At what level does the kidney lie in an adult body??
Where in relation to the abdomen?

A

T11-T12 (between xiphoid process (T10) and iliac crest (L3-L4)
(Left kidney T11-T12)
(Bottom right is at L3)
retroperitoneal

43
Q

Exam:
what is the positioning for a male retrograde urethrogram?
Why do we do this?

A

30 degree RPO
to see the entire male urinary system free of superimposition

44
Q

Exam:
What is the bladder capactity?

A

350ml-500ml

45
Q

Exam:
What views shows the ureters without obstruction (superimposition)?

A

LPO & RPO

46
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the purpose of premedication before a study?

A

To prevent contrast reactions

47
Q

Jeopardy:
Where are the kidneys located?

A

Midway between the xiphoid process and the iliac crest

48
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the name of the leakage of contrast outside of the vessel and into surrounding tissue?

A

extravasation

49
Q

Jeopardy:
This exam may be performed to demonstrate uterine position, uterine lesions, and uterine tubal obstruction?

A

HSG study
(hysterosalpinography)

50
Q

Jeopardy:
What calyx’s form the renal pelvis?

A

major & minor

51
Q

Jeopardy:
What drug combination is given to patients before an IVU to reduce the risk of a reaction?

A

prednisone + Benadryl

52
Q

Jeopardy:
What type of contrast reaction affects the entire body or a specific organ system?

A

systemic reaction

53
Q

Jeopardy:
What is it called when there is a diminished amount of urine being excreted?

A

oliguria

54
Q

Jeopardy:
What is a life-threatening condition that leads to complete cessation of the urinary secretion?

A

anuria

55
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the capacity of the adult bladder?

A

350-500ml

56
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the device used and positioned at the level of ASIS?

A

ureteral compression device

57
Q

Jeopardy:
what type of contrast media dissociates into separate ions when injected?

A

ionic contrast media

58
Q

Jeopardy:
What blood chemistry level should read 8-25 mg/100mL if in normal range?

A

BUN

59
Q

Jeopardy:
the tourniquet should be applied:

A

3-4 inches proximal (above) the injection site

60
Q

Jeopardy:
What are the levels that should not exceed 25 mg per 100mL?

A

BUN

61
Q

Jeopardy:
Which of the following is not a reason to be pretreated before a contrast enema?

A

itching

62
Q

Jeopardy:
We must verify ____ ____ for patients with _____ before resuming metformin?

A

kidney function
diabetes

63
Q

Jeopardy:
The right kidney sits ____ to the left kidney due to the liver

A

inferior

64
Q

Jeopardy:
for a male retrograde urethrogram the patient position should be?

A

30 degree RPO

65
Q

Jeopardy:
Which study injects contrast through a catheter into the renal pelvis?

A

retrograde urethrogram (RUG)

66
Q

Jeopardy:
What drug should be withheld for 48 hours following a contrast study?

A

metformin

67
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the purpose for voiding a cystourethrogram?

A

to evaluate the patient’s ability to urinate

68
Q

Jeopardy:
What position is best to see the ureters without obstruction?

A

RPO/ LPO

69
Q

Jeopardy:
What is the name of the action urination?

A

micturition

70
Q

Jeopardy:
Metallic taste and temporary hot flashes are what kind of reaction to contrast media?

A

side affects (mild)

71
Q

Jeopardy:
STUDY PICTURE OF RENAL CHART

A
72
Q

Exam review:
What is metformin?

A

Drug treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

73
Q

Exam review:
What is nephroptosis?

A

Abnormal positional change of the kidneys

74
Q

What are these procedures?
Retrograde urethrography:

A

male procedure, 30 RPO to demonstrate full urethra to access trauma/obstruction with brodney clamp

75
Q

What are these procedures?
Voiding cystourethrography (VCU)

A

functional study of bladder + urethra to access ability to urinate
trauma & incontinence
(bladder + urethra)

76
Q

What are these procedures?
Retrograde urography:

A

nonfunctional system of urinary system
minor surgical procedure performed by urologist

77
Q

What are these procedures?
Retrograde cystography:

A

nonfunctional study of the bladder via urethral catheter
only gravity is pushing
(just bladder)

78
Q

What are these procedures?
voiding cystourethrography:

A

Donny RAD POS lll (7 decks)

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