CH 14: Head, Face, Neck, and Regional Lymphatics Flashcards
what are the cranial bones?
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
what are the 3 salivary glands?
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
can you palpate salivary glands?
no
where is the parotid gland?
in the cheeks above mandible
*largest of the 3
where is the submandibular gland?
beneath mandible at jaw angle
where is the sublingual gland?
in the floor of the mouth
major neck muscles?
sternomastoid
trapezius
what kind of gland in the thyroid?
endocrine with rich blood supply
what does the thyroid gland secrete?
T4 and T3
*hormones that stimulate cell metabolism rate
where is the thyroid located?
straddles trachea in middle of neck
what is the thyroid cartilage?
small notch (Adam’s apple), the cricoid cartilage, and the Isthmus (thyroid gland)
how do you palpate the thyroid gland?
patient tilts head while you push gland to same side
what is the thyroid gland’s shape?
butterfly
do you palpate the lymph nodes with one or two hands?
two, symmetrically
*except for submental
what is goiter?
enlargement
preauricular location?
in front of ear
posterior auricular (mastoid) location?
behind ear
occipital location?
behind ear towards base of skull
submental location?
bottom/tip of chin
submandibular location?
under mandible along jaw line
jugulodigastric location?
below where earlobe connects to face and above mandible angle
superficial cervical location?
on neck, back from mandible angle
deep cervical location?
below mandible angle down to clavicle
posterior cervical location?
above and back from clavicle
supraclavicular location?
directly above clavicle
lymph node drainage direction?
down
where can you assess lymph nodes? (4 areas)
head and neck
arms
axillae
inguinal
where is the greatest supply of lymph nodes?
head and neck
lymphatics is a major part of what system?
immune
what do lymphatics detect and eliminate?
foreign substances (viruses, bacteria, etc)
*prevents potentially harmful substances from entering circulation through drainage
how to assess/palpate lymph nodes?
pads of index fingers in circular motion
in what order do you palpate lymph nodes?
preauricular
post auricular
occipital
submental
submandibular
jugulodigastric
superficial cervical
deep cervical chain
post cervical
supraclavicular
normal lymph node findings?
freely movable
soft/non-tender
about 1 cm
abnormal lymph node findings?
enlarged (>1cm)
warm
tender
bilateral ( normal is one sided)
cancerous lymph node finding?
hard
unilateral (usually only one side)
non-tender
fixed (cannot move)
what could a tracheal deviation indicate?
pneumothorax
what is the leading cause of acute pain?
headache
what therapy increases risk of vascular disease?
radiation
what is a tension headache?
*most common
musculoskeletal origin
also called “stress headache”
tension headache location?
forehead, sides, and back of head on both sides
(frontal, occipital, and temporal)
*imagine tight hat squeezing head
tension headache characteristics?
bandlike tightness
non-throbbing
non-pulsatile
tension headache duration?
gradual onset, lasts 30 mins to 7 days
tension headache severity?
dull aching pain
mild-moderate
tension headache timing?
situational response
what is a migraine?
vascular origin, caused by trigeminal nerve
migraine location?
typically on one side of head
pain usually behind eyes, temple, or forehead
migraine characteristics?
throbbing, pulsating
migraine duration?
rapid onset, peaks 1-2 hours, last 4-72 hours
migraine severity?
moderate to severe pain
which headache has an aura?
migraine
what is a cluster headache?
intermittent, excruciating, unilateral, with autonomic signs
cluster headache location?
always one sided, behind or around eye/temple
cluster headache characteristics?
continuous sharp, burning, piercing, excruciating pain
cluster headache duration?
abrupt onset, peaks in minutes, lasts 15-180 minutes
cluster headache severity?
can occur multiple times per day in “clusters”, can last weeks
severe pain
cluster headache timing?
1-8 per day for weeks or months followed by remission for months or years
when do cluster headaches most often occur?
at night, waking from sleep
what is congenital torticollis?
hematoma in sternomastoid muscle
result: head tilted to one side and limited neck ROM to opposite side
what is a simple diffuse goiter?
endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency
result: chronic thyroid gland enlargement
what is a thyroid multinodular goiter?
multiple nodules enlarged
pilar cyst?
benign growth presents as smooth, fluctuant swelling on scalp
what is parotid gland enlargement?
rapid, painful enlargement
in response to: mumps, duct blockage, abscess, tumor
Grave’s disease physical presentation?
-enlargement
-eyelid retraction
-exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
*hyperthyroidism
-may be hot, tachycardic, weight loss bc high metabolic rate
hypothyroidism physical presentation?
puffy look
-coarse facial features
-periorbital edema
-can have weight gain, lethargy, fatigue
acromegaly?
big head, big nose, coarse features
cushing syndrome?
“moonlike” face, red cheeks, hirsutism
-can be from long term steroids, COPD, transplant pts, autoimmune)
-caused by increased ACTH
bells palsy?
one sided facial paralysis (vertical)
-result of lesion on CN7 (facial nerve)
-lower motor neuron (peripheral)
stroke/brain attack?
lesion leading to lower facial muscle paralysis
-caused by upper motor neuron (central) lesion
-stroke or blood clot
differentiate stroke/CVA and bells?
stroke/CVA can still wrinkle forehead and close eyes
parkinson syndrome?
“masklike” appearance, elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, drooling from dopamine deficiency
caused by dopamine decrease and basal ganglia degeneration
cachectic appearance?
sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, defeated expression
-accompanies chronic wasting diseases
