Ch 14: clinically based assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning

Question 1

tripartite practice

Answer 1

clinical assessment
diagnosis
treatment planning

Question 2

promoting client welfare for assessment by

Answer 2

competence in the purpose
selection
administration
scoring of the assessments

Question 3

assessment

Answer 3

the process by which counselors gather the information they need to form a holistic view of their client and the problems with which they present
includes screening, intake interviews, tests, observations, info from secondary source,

Question 4

the process of assessment

Answer 4

facilitated by the counselor client relationship and is ongoing throughout the counseling process

Question 5

content of assessment

Answer 5

the data obtained from direct or indirect sources using formal and informal assessment strategies used by both the counselor and client to make informed decisions about treatment

Question 6

psychological test

Answer 6

an instrument used to measure a latent construct of interest (depression, anxiety, etc.)
developed based on the operational definition of the construct of interest

Question 7

latent construct

Answer 7

theoretical
a concept that is not directly measurable
describes based on how it is operationally defined

Question 8

operational definition

Answer 8

a clear and concise statement or set of statements (facets) of how something is measured

Question 9

facets

Answer 9

directly observable and measurable and relate to the construct of interest

Question 10

role and purpose of assessment

Answer 10

initiates the formation of counselor client relationship
obtaining information about client to reach a desired outcome
identify client strengths and resources

Question 11

formal assessment strategies

Answer 11

follow a specific, standardized set of procedure that yield quantifiable data that can be compared to a normative population
EX: standardized tests, inventories, rating scales

Question 12

informal assessment strategies

Answer 12

do not follow a strict set of procedures and are not concerned with comparing results to a normative sample
inclusive of client experience
EX: interviews, open-ended questions, non standardized instruments

Question 13

clinical interview

Answer 13

best method to gather client information
an action-oriented intervention in which a counselor solicits information about a client and the clients past using a series of questions, assesses the clients verbal and nonverbal responses to those questions, and uses that information to formulate a diagnosis for the client

Question 14

structured interview

Answer 14

the counselor uses a specific set of protocol when interacting and communicating with clients
presents a clearer picture of presenting problems

Question 15

semistructured interviews

Answer 15

is structures, but counselors are able to alter the order and adjust the wording of the questions to accommodate the client

Question 16

unstructured interviews

Answer 16

most widely used clinical assessment method used
lack predefined content areas or questions and do not adhere to any procedural steps

Question 17

reliability

Answer 17

the ability of test scores to be interpreted in a consistent and dependable manner across multiple test administrations
an inherent property of validity

Question 18

validity

Answer 18

the scale accurately measures the same construct from one administration to the next
the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of test

Question 19

test bias

Answer 19

occurs when scores of one group are significantly different from scores of another group based solely on group membership

Question 20

three types of test bias

Answer 20

construct bias
method bias
item bias

Question 21

construct bias

Answer 21

occurs when a construct being measured is conceptualized or understood differently across groups

Question 22

method bias

Answer 22

occurs when differences in scores are the result of factors surrounding the test administration rather than the construct of interest being measured

Question 23

item bias

Answer 23

occurs when poorly worded or ambiguous items result in differences in scores among groups

Question 24

alcohol and substance use specific instruments

Answer 24

alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)
CAGE-AID

Question 25

mental health specific instruments

Answer 25

patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) the ptsd checklist (PCL)

Question 26

suicide risk specific instrument

Answer 26

Columbia suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS)

Question 27

test user qualifications

Answer 27

code of ethics is clear that counselors only provide testing and assessment services in which they are trained and competent

Question 28

three qualifications level of SIGMA

Answer 28

A: bach degree required B: masters degree C: doctoral degree

Question 29

two methods for classification of diseases used in clinical mental health settings

Answer 29

the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) international classification of diseases (ICD)

Question 30

DSM-5

Answer 30

the primary diagnostic tool used by physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social worked, and counselors to classify mental and psychological disorders in the US

Question 31

cross-cutting assessment

Answer 31

measures symptomatology common across diagnoses designed to capture a range of symptoms prior to identifying any particular diagnosis

Question 32

ICD

Answer 32

two types: ICD-10-CM (clinical modification) & ICD-10-PCS (procedure coding system)

Question 33

ICD-10-CM

Answer 33

used by practitioners for diagnostic coding purposes

Question 34

ICD-10-PCS

Answer 34

used by practitioners for procedural purposes in inpatient hospitals

Question 35

process of diagnosis

Answer 35

screening intake interview asses clients level of functioning used the mental status exam (MSE)

Question 36

screening

Answer 36

initial contact with a client and most important step used to identify whether a person is at risk and in need of counseling services obtain snapshot of both the client and presenting issues

Question 37

intake interview

Answer 37

occur in structured, semistructured, or unstructured formats an assessment technique that provides counselors with information about clients past functioning and how it relates to their current situation and the problems they are facing

Question 38

info included in intake interview

Answer 38

client demographic info reasons client is seeking services presenting problems/concerns previous counseling experience family and developmental history medical history education and vocational history previous and current risk behaviors

Question 39

cultural formulation interview (CFI)

Answer 39

provides counselors an outline of how to integrate culturally relevant information into the clinical assessment process

Question 40

the mental status exam (MSE)

Answer 40

a clinician administered assessment used to obtain information about the clients level of functioning and self-presentation during the clinical interview often conducted informally

Question 41

six domains of MSE report

Answer 41

1. appearance, attitude and activity 2. mood and affect 3. speech and language 4. thought process, thought content, and perception 5. cognitive 6. insight and judgement

Question 42

differential diagnosis

Answer 42

a systematic process of ruling out competing diagnoses, using prior evidence, that share common symptomatology

Question 43

six steps of differential diagnosis

Answer 43

1. consider the validity of symptoms 2. consider if symptoms are caused by a medical condition 3. consider if symptoms are caused by substance or alcohol use 4. consider if symptoms are situational 5. consider no diagnosis at all 6. render diagnosis

Question 44

render diagnosis

Answer 44

consider which symptoms are most salient (may want to start broadly then narrow down) find evidence to support each criterion of the disorder chosen

Question 45

case conceptualization

Answer 45

a clinical tool used by counselors to organize client information (behaviors, thoughts, feelings, physiology) in a manner that explains the clients perspective from the counselors theoretical orientation

Question 46

three phase model of case conceptualization

Answer 46

1. evaluate information 2. organize information 3. interpret information from a theoretical orientation

Question 47

developing client treatment plans

Answer 47

plotting out the counseling process so that both counselor and client have a road map that delineates how they will proceed from point of origin to their destination, alleviation of troubling symptoms and patterns, and establishment of improved coping

Question 48

five step model of treatment plan

Answer 48

1. define the problem 2. establish treatment goals or objectives 3. determine counseling interventions 4. evaluate client progress 5. revise the treatment plan

Question 49

tips to define the problem

Answer 49

1. use kind language that matches the clients verbiage 2. problems should align with the clients needs 3. prioritize problems using a hierarchy 4. be collaborative

Question 50

quality goals are...

Answer 50

meaningful realistic concise measurable

Question 51

helpful questions to finding interventions

Answer 51

1. does it align with the treatment goals and objectives 2. does the research evidence support the intervention 3. is the intervention realistic and obtainable 4. does the intervention fit within the counselors theoretical orientation 5. is the intervention effective, and is the client making progress

Question 52

formative evaluation methods

Answer 52

strategies used to assess the clients experience in real time open-ended questions, role plays, and client self reports

Question 53

summative evaluation methods

Answer 53

strategies used at set time points throughout the counseling process often rating scales, structured assessments,