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5203: intro to counseling > Ch 14: clinically based assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning > Flashcards

Ch 14: clinically based assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning Flashcards

1
Q

tripartite practice

A

clinical assessment
diagnosis
treatment planning

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2
Q

promoting client welfare for assessment by

A

competence in the purpose
selection
administration
scoring of the assessments

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3
Q

assessment

A

the process by which counselors gather the information they need to form a holistic view of their client and the problems with which they present
includes screening, intake interviews, tests, observations, info from secondary source,

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4
Q

the process of assessment

A

facilitated by the counselor client relationship and is ongoing throughout the counseling process

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5
Q

content of assessment

A

the data obtained from direct or indirect sources using formal and informal assessment strategies used by both the counselor and client to make informed decisions about treatment

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6
Q

psychological test

A

an instrument used to measure a latent construct of interest (depression, anxiety, etc.)
developed based on the operational definition of the construct of interest

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7
Q

latent construct

A

theoretical
a concept that is not directly measurable
describes based on how it is operationally defined

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8
Q

operational definition

A

a clear and concise statement or set of statements (facets) of how something is measured

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9
Q

facets

A

directly observable and measurable and relate to the construct of interest

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10
Q

role and purpose of assessment

A

initiates the formation of counselor client relationship
obtaining information about client to reach a desired outcome
identify client strengths and resources

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11
Q

formal assessment strategies

A

follow a specific, standardized set of procedure that yield quantifiable data that can be compared to a normative population
EX: standardized tests, inventories, rating scales

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12
Q

informal assessment strategies

A

do not follow a strict set of procedures and are not concerned with comparing results to a normative sample
inclusive of client experience
EX: interviews, open-ended questions, non standardized instruments

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13
Q

clinical interview

A

best method to gather client information
an action-oriented intervention in which a counselor solicits information about a client and the clients past using a series of questions, assesses the clients verbal and nonverbal responses to those questions, and uses that information to formulate a diagnosis for the client

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14
Q

structured interview

A

the counselor uses a specific set of protocol when interacting and communicating with clients
presents a clearer picture of presenting problems

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15
Q

semistructured interviews

A

is structures, but counselors are able to alter the order and adjust the wording of the questions to accommodate the client

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16
Q

unstructured interviews

A

most widely used clinical assessment method used
lack predefined content areas or questions and do not adhere to any procedural steps

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17
Q

reliability

A

the ability of test scores to be interpreted in a consistent and dependable manner across multiple test administrations
an inherent property of validity

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18
Q

validity

A

the scale accurately measures the same construct from one administration to the next
the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of test

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19
Q

test bias

A

occurs when scores of one group are significantly different from scores of another group based solely on group membership

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20
Q

three types of test bias

A

construct bias
method bias
item bias

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21
Q

construct bias

A

occurs when a construct being measured is conceptualized or understood differently across groups

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22
Q

method bias

A

occurs when differences in scores are the result of factors surrounding the test administration rather than the construct of interest being measured

23
Q

item bias

A

occurs when poorly worded or ambiguous items result in differences in scores among groups

24
Q

alcohol and substance use specific instruments

A

alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT)
CAGE-AID

25
Q

mental health specific instruments

A

patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)
general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7)
the ptsd checklist (PCL)

26
Q

suicide risk specific instrument

A

Columbia suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS)

27
Q

test user qualifications

A

code of ethics is clear that counselors only provide testing and assessment services in which they are trained and competent

28
Q

three qualifications level of SIGMA

A

A: bach degree required
B: masters degree
C: doctoral degree

29
Q

two methods for classification of diseases used in clinical mental health settings

A

the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
international classification of diseases (ICD)

30
Q

DSM-5

A

the primary diagnostic tool used by physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social worked, and counselors to classify mental and psychological disorders in the US

31
Q

cross-cutting assessment

A

measures symptomatology common across diagnoses
designed to capture a range of symptoms prior to identifying any particular diagnosis

32
Q

ICD

A

two types: ICD-10-CM (clinical modification) & ICD-10-PCS (procedure coding system)

33
Q

ICD-10-CM

A

used by practitioners for diagnostic coding purposes

34
Q

ICD-10-PCS

A

used by practitioners for procedural purposes in inpatient hospitals

35
Q

process of diagnosis

A

screening
intake interview
asses clients level of functioning used the mental status exam (MSE)

36
Q

screening

A

initial contact with a client and most important step
used to identify whether a person is at risk and in need of counseling services
obtain snapshot of both the client and presenting issues

37
Q

intake interview

A

occur in structured, semistructured, or unstructured formats
an assessment technique that provides counselors with information about clients past functioning and how it relates to their current situation and the problems they are facing

38
Q

info included in intake interview

A

client demographic info
reasons client is seeking services
presenting problems/concerns
previous counseling experience
family and developmental history
medical history
education and vocational history
previous and current risk behaviors

39
Q

cultural formulation interview (CFI)

A

provides counselors an outline of how to integrate culturally relevant information into the clinical assessment process

40
Q

the mental status exam (MSE)

A

a clinician administered assessment used to obtain information about the clients level of functioning and self-presentation during the clinical interview
often conducted informally

41
Q

six domains of MSE report

A
  1. appearance, attitude and activity
  2. mood and affect
  3. speech and language
  4. thought process, thought content, and perception
  5. cognitive
  6. insight and judgement
42
Q

differential diagnosis

A

a systematic process of ruling out competing diagnoses, using prior evidence, that share common symptomatology

43
Q

six steps of differential diagnosis

A
  1. consider the validity of symptoms
  2. consider if symptoms are caused by a medical condition
  3. consider if symptoms are caused by substance or alcohol use
  4. consider if symptoms are situational
  5. consider no diagnosis at all
  6. render diagnosis
44
Q

render diagnosis

A

consider which symptoms are most salient (may want to start broadly then narrow down)
find evidence to support each criterion of the disorder chosen

45
Q

case conceptualization

A

a clinical tool used by counselors to organize client information (behaviors, thoughts, feelings, physiology) in a manner that explains the clients perspective from the counselors theoretical orientation

46
Q

three phase model of case conceptualization

A
  1. evaluate information
  2. organize information
  3. interpret information from a theoretical orientation
47
Q

developing client treatment plans

A

plotting out the counseling process so that both counselor and client have a road map that delineates how they will proceed from point of origin to their destination, alleviation of troubling symptoms and patterns, and establishment of improved coping

48
Q

five step model of treatment plan

A
  1. define the problem
  2. establish treatment goals or objectives
  3. determine counseling interventions
  4. evaluate client progress
  5. revise the treatment plan
49
Q

tips to define the problem

A
  1. use kind language that matches the clients verbiage
  2. problems should align with the clients needs
  3. prioritize problems using a hierarchy
  4. be collaborative
50
Q

quality goals are…

A

meaningful
realistic
concise
measurable

51
Q

helpful questions to finding interventions

A
  1. does it align with the treatment goals and objectives
  2. does the research evidence support the intervention
  3. is the intervention realistic and obtainable
  4. does the intervention fit within the counselors theoretical orientation
  5. is the intervention effective, and is the client making progress
52
Q

formative evaluation methods

A

strategies used to assess the clients experience in real time
open-ended questions, role plays, and client self reports

53
Q

summative evaluation methods

A

strategies used at set time points throughout the counseling process
often rating scales, structured assessments,

5203: intro to counseling (6 decks)

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