Ch 14-17 Test Flashcards
And furnace is made up of two pieces of equipment what are they called
Shell and tube heat exchanger and a chemical reactor
What is the purpose of the furnace
To heat up a process
What is combustion
The burning of carbon-based fuels under controlled conditions to generate key in order to do useful work
Furnaces and boilers
What is incarceration
The burning of material with the intent to destroy the material
Incarcerators and flayers
Heat released by combustion is called what and what is it measured in
Heat value and BTU
Complete combustion
Only CO2 and H2O remain
Incomplete combustion
Unburned fuel, CO2, and CEO and H2O remain. There is not enough oxygen
Combustion mode:
minimum excess 02 heated, wasting some energy
Lead////lag
Lead with oxygen lag with fuel
Typically bottom fired round flame burners in a single or double row is called what
Box heater
Similar to box heater
Cabin heater
Almost always bottom fired
Vertical cylinder heater
Special breaks called firebreak or special material is called what
Refractory
Ernest tubes that are supported on the walls
Radiant section
Furnace tubes that are supported on the roof
Convection section
What is it called when the burner flame touches the tubes or walls of the furnace
Flame impingement
When he causes metal to start failing and stretch this is the main cause of failure
Creep or sagging
Difference in density between outside air in firebox air create what
A natural draft movement
If he and pushes air into burners this is called what
Forced draft
Fan below stack pools air into firebox and out of stack
Induced draft
One fan induces flow out of the stack and one forces air into burners
Balanced draft
Before starting up a furnace you have to do what
Purge it
Extraction is what
The separation of two materials by contacting them with a third substance that will dissolve one of the substances but not the other
Solution
The feed a uniform mixture of molecular sized compounds. Particles in a solution are not chemically bonded and can be separated purely by physical changes.
Solute
Material that is dissolved into another material. The material to be dissolved in the solution and removed by extraction
Solvent
Chemical that will dissolve into another material
Extract
The new solution formed when he saw that dissolves the solute in now contains it
Raffinate
The feed solution minus the extracted solute. This is the product that had the other substance dissolved out and removed
What is the most common extraction system used
Liquid-liquid extraction
What are two types of extraction process it’s
Watch extraction and continuous extraction
The simplest extraction in a single stage batch unit. Does not provide perfect separation.
Batch extraction
Concurrent flow
Mixed flow
Flows in the same direction
Mixed flows allow the substance to layer out and be removed
Feed insolvent are continuously at it while the raffinate and extract are continuously withdrawn
Continuous extraction
What are the two types of columns
Packed columns
Trayed columns.
Simplest and most commonly used
Pack columns. Hallow shell filled with packing
Bubble cap, sieve tray, baffle tray are examples of what
Trayed columns
An emulsion is what
Two chemicals that are different, that will not dissolve in each other, and will not to layer out
Saturation
Extract mixture contains the Maximum amount of solute
Interfaces
Must be established in the column to separate the extract and raffinate phases
Solvent to feed ratio
The amount of solvent in relation to the feed rate
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another
Absorption
The process by which molecules of a substance collect on the surface of another substance. The molecules are attracted to the surface but do not enter the solids my new spaces as an absorption
Adsorption
What are for commonly used adsorbents
Desiccants, silica gel, activated alumina, activated carbon
Cation
If the molecule has lost an electron and it is positively charged
Anion
If the molecule has gained an electron and it is negatively charged
Adsorbents have to be what
Regenerated
Absorption, stripping and extraction are all what
Mass transfer operations
The chemical process in which one substance penetrate and is drawn into the bow of another substance
Absorption
Stripping is called what
Getting it out
